DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROL MEASURES 53 



demic of 1898 (before the manner of transmission of yellow fever 

 was known) in which there were 13,817 cases and 3,984 deaths. 

 One of the most important compaigns for the suppression of 

 yellow fever in recent years was waged in Guatemala in 1918 

 by the International Health Board. This campaign, directed 

 by Gorgas, stamped out the epidemic in a few weeks and elimi- 

 nated one of the last important endemic foci of yellow fever in 

 Central America. The report of the International Health 

 Board says: 



"The outcome was especially gratifying and encouraging in that it 

 demonstrated that yellow fever could be controlled with the personnel and 

 facilities available in Central American countries and at a cost well within 

 their financial ability." 



MALARIA CONTROL IN UNITED STATES 



Following the successful campaign for the elimination of yellow 

 fever along the Gulf Coast and other parts of the South, the 

 attention of sanitarians throughout that section began to center on 

 control of malaria. The splendid results of the anti-malaria 

 campaign in Panama served as an example .of what might be 

 done, but the people were slow to grasp the situation. The fact 

 that elimination of yellow fever in the South had been brought 

 about more bjr isolating patients from mosquitoes than by eradi- 

 cation of mosquitoes in general obscured the public apprecia- 

 tion of the possibilities of malaria control. The bulk of the 

 people took the attitude that to attempt to eliminate mosquitoes 

 and malaria would be a waste of time. 



As a result of this misconception of the situation, it was not 

 until several years had elapsed that anything very definite was 

 accomplished. However, in 1914, the U. S. Public Health 

 Service made an allotment of $17,000 for anti-malaria work, 

 and, within the next few years several valuable and far-reaching 

 demonstrations were carried out. The' results of a few of these 

 will be mentioned here. 



INTERPRETING RESULTS 



It should be pointed out that, in the following tables, the per- 

 centages of infection, as found by blood tests prior to commence- 

 ment of work, should not be considered as representing the total 

 of infections during the previous malaria season. These blood 

 test percentages should be regarded as merely that fraction of the 



