OTHER MEASURES AND EXPEDIENTS 211 



in scientific circles as to the general applicability of the scheme. 

 Hoffman 1 sums up the matter as follows: 



"It is conceivable that bat-roosts may be of advantage in one loca- 

 tion, while entirely useless in another. It is possible that bats may 

 exterminate a sufficient number of Anopheles to reduce the mosquito 

 nuisance to a minimum. Conversely, the enormous number of bats 

 required for effective work may constitute an evil in itself not to be 

 tolerated in civilized communities. The subject has reached the 

 stage where, in my judgment, it is obviously the duty of the several 

 Government departments concerned to institute a thorough investiga- 

 tion and to make a full report." 



Chidester 2 gives the following list of animals, other than 

 fishes, which are recognized as foes of the mosquito in its various 

 stages : 



OTHER ANIMAL FOES OF THE MOSQUITO 



PROTOZOA — Spirochaeta culicis, Diplocystis, Nosema stego- 

 myiae, Crithidia fasciculata, Herpetomonous algeriense, Try- 

 panosoma culicis. 



COELENTERAT A— Hydra fusca, H. viridis. 



PLATYHELMINTHS — Agamodislomum martiranoi. 



NEMATHELMINTHS — Agamomermis culicis. 



ARTHROPODA — Hydrophilus obtusatus, Dytiscus marginalis, 

 Acilius sulcatus, Nepa, Nolonocta, Ranatra fusca, Aeschna, 

 Erythemis simplicicollis, Psorophora ciliala, Megarhinus septen- 

 trionalis, Lutzia bigotii, Lesticocampa, Corethra, Tanypus dyari, 

 Lispa sinensis, Horpopeza obliterate, Tahydromia macula, Cordi- 

 lura haemorhoidalis, Monedula signata, Emesa longipes, Salticus, 

 Crangon vulgaris. 



AMPHIBIA — Rana pipiens, R. palustris, Discoglossus pictus, 

 Triton cristatus, T. alpestris, Diemyctylus tortosus, Ambly stoma 

 opacum. 



REPTILIA — Ptychozoon homalecephalum. 



AVES — Chordeiles virginianus, Choetura pelagica, Petrochelidon 

 lumfrous, Iridoprocne bicolor, Hirundo erythrogasta, Progne 

 subis, Riparis riparia, Tachycineta thalassina lepida, Myiochanes 

 virens, Sayornis phoebe, Tyrannus tyr annus, Anas platyrhynches, 

 Aegilitis semipalmata, Pisobia pusillus. 



1 Southern Medical Journal, April, 1921, page 304. 



2 "A Biological Study of the More Important of the Fish Enemies of 

 the Salt Marsh Mosquitoes," New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations, 

 1916. 



