80 



(59) Parus monticolus monticolus. 

 THE GBEEN-BACKED TIT. 



Parus monticolus Vigors, P. Z. S., 1831, p. 22 (Himalayas, Simla) ; 

 Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 49. 



Vernacular names. Sarak-chak-pho (Lepcha) ; Daosi-ivhet 

 (Cachari). 



Description. Cheeks and ear-coverts white ; the whole head, 

 nape, breast and a broad band down the middle of the abdomen 

 black ; a whitish patch on the nape ; back and scapulars greenish 

 yellow ; rump slaty ; upper tail-coverts black ; tail black, the outer 

 webs suffused with blue, all the feathers tipped with white, the 

 outer web of the outermost feather entirely white ; lesser wing- 

 coverts black, edged with slaty ; the other coverts and the \vinglet 

 black, edged with blue and tipped with white, forming two wing- 

 bars ; the earlier primaries edged with white at base and below 

 the emarginations ; the others, with the outer secondaries, edged 

 with blue and tipped with white ; innermost secondaries black 

 edged and tipped with white ; abdomen, sides of breast and 

 axillaries bright deep yellow ; under tail-coverts black, tipped with 

 white. 



Colours of soft parts. Bill black ; iris brown ; legs dark slate or 

 plumbeous, claws horny-brown to blackish. 



Measurements. Total length about 130mm.; wing 64 to 69 mm. ; 

 tail 54 to 60 mm.; tarsus about 18 to 20 mm.; culmen about 

 10 mm. 



The female is a little smaller with a wing of 60 to 65 mm. 



Distribution. The Himalayas from the extreme N.W. to 

 Manipur, Chittagong and the N.E. of the Chin Hills. 



Nidification. This Tittle Tit breeds throughout its range at 

 altitudes between 4,000 and 9,000 feet in April, May and June. 

 It makes a nest of moss, fur, wool and hair, sometimes of one, 

 sometimes of two or more of these materials, and often with a 

 dense lining of feathers. Any convenient hole will suffice whether 

 it be in a tree, a wall, part of a building or occasionally a bank. 

 In Shillong it has been found in a hole in the thatch of a house 

 but, for nesting purposes, this bird does not frequent houses and 

 buildings as often as do the Grey-Tits. 



The eggs number from four to six and even eight and are white, 

 boldly and freely blotched with red and reddish brown. 100 eggs 

 average 17'lxl2-8. 



Habits. A high-level bird, this little Tit is seldom found much 

 below 5,000 feet, whilst it may be seen in the Western Himalayas 

 up to and over 10,000 feet. It is a sociable, familiar little bird, 

 haunting gardens and the vicinity of human habitations, keeping 

 much to the trees and taller shi-ubs, on which it keeps up an 

 ever-restless hunt for its insect food; It also eats many fruits 



