SITTA. 129 



head, chin and throat greyish white changing to darker grey on 

 breast aud to dull chestnut on lower flanks, thighs, vent and under 

 tail-coverts, the latter broadly tipped with white ; under wing- 

 coverts black and the under surface of the primaries with the 

 typical white patch. 



Colours of soft parts, Iris brown or hazel-brown; bill slaty- 

 blue, darker on terminal half; legs and feet pale yellowish brown. 



Measurements. Length about 200 mm. ; wing 114 to 119 mm. ; 

 tail about 68 to 70 mm. ; tarsus about 23 mm. ; culmen about 

 25 to 28 mm. 



The female is like the male but has a more decided tinge of 

 buff or chestnut-buff on the breast, the chestnut of the flanks, 

 thighs, etc., may not be quite so deep and the head also is greyer 

 in some individuals. 



Distribution. Hills of Central Burma, Shan States and Yunnan, 

 apparently from about 3,000 feet upwards. 



Nidification and Habits. There is nothing on record about this 

 fine Nuthatch, now represented by good series from E-ippon, 

 Thompson and Craddock in the British Museum. It has been 

 found so far between 4,000 and 6,000 feet and seems to be a forest 

 bird. 



(116) Sitta nemnayer tephronota. 



THE TURKESTAN KOCK-NDTHATCK. 



Sitta tephronota Sharpe, A. M. N. H., (4) x, p. 450 (1872) (Ferghana, 

 Turkestan) ; Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 305. 



Vernacular names. None recorded. 



Description. Whole upper plumage, wing-coverts and second- 

 aries ashv-blue ; the usual black eye-band ; primaries pale brown ; 

 central tail-feathers pale ashy-blue, the others brown broadly edged 

 with pale ashy on the outer webs, this colour gradually changing 

 to pale fulvous, the outermost feather having the inner web brown 

 with a fulvous tip and the outer web fulvous with a brown tip ; 

 sides of the head and lower plumage fulvous, darker and becoming 

 strongly tinged with pink on the flanks, lower abdomen, vent and 

 under tail-coverts, these last having ashy centres. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris brown ; bill horny-brown or slaty- 

 brown, darker at the tip ; legs clay-slate. 



Measurements. Length about 160 to 170 mm.; wing 75 to 

 90 mm.; tail about 50 to 60 maa. ; tarsus '2\ to 24 mm.; culmen 

 20 to 23 mm. 



Distribution. Baluchistan and Afghanistan to Ferghana in 

 Turkestan and the Tianschan. Birds from the Tianschan seem to 

 have more of a dull ruFous tinge on the breast and lower throat as 

 well as being rather bigger, and should possibly be kept separate; 

 I cannot, however, distinguish S. n. obscura from North and East 

 Persia; 



YOL. I. K 



