134 



TIMALIIDvE. 



ig. 26.Gairulc/x 1. leitcolophns. 



TIMALIID.^. 



The intrinsic muscles ot the syrinx fixed to the ends ot the 

 bronchial semi-rings ; the edges oi both mandibles smooth or 

 the upper one with a notch ; hinder aspect of tarsus smooth, 

 bilaminated ; wing with ten primaries ; tongue non-tubular ; 

 nostrils clear of the line of forehead, the lower edge of the nostril 

 nearer to the commissure than the upper edge is to the culmen ; 

 plumage of the nestling like that of the adult female but paler ; 

 nostrils never entirely concealed from view although frequently 

 covered by hairs or bristles ; rictal bristles present ; rectrices 

 twelve ; inner and hind toes equal in length. 



The Family TimaliidcK contains a very large number of birds, 

 nearly all tropical and subtropical, which Gates called Craferopo- 

 did(t> and which Harington raised to the rank of a suborder 

 which he called Timeliides. There are, of course, no grounds 

 for this, as the Timaliidce are so close to other families that some 

 ornithologists include with them such groups as the Thrushes 

 and others. From these, however, they seem to me to be 



