138 



/'". Outer edges of primaries conspi- 

 cuously parti-coloured. 



/ 4 . Nostrils' overhung by hairs PSKUDOMINLA, p. 286. 



m*. Nostrils overhung by numerous 

 small hairs; tail strongly 

 graduated. 

 i 5 . Bill narrow ; hind toe and claw 



equal FULVETTA, p. 289. 



f. Bill broad ; hind claw shorter 



than hind toe LIOPARUS, p. 293. 



d. Wings longer, not so rounded and not fitting 



close to the body. 

 h'. Wing more than three times length of 



tarsus HOHIZILLAS, p. 257. 



'. Wins less than three times length of tarsus. 

 ff". Tail more than three times length of [p. 258.. 



tarsus ERYTHHOCICHLA, 



h". Tail equal to twice length of tarsus. . ./THOSTOMA, p. 259. 

 C. Tail under 45 mm. 



e. Bill as long as the head; curved downwards. RIMATOR, p. 255. 



/. Bill half as long as the head ; straight TURDINULTJS, p. 250. 



Genus DRYONASTES Sharpe, 1883. 



The genus Dmjonastes, of which D. ruficollis is the type, 

 contains those Laughing-Thrushes which hare the nostrils almost 

 completely hidden by bristles, and in many respects show a 

 similarity to the Corvidce, from which, however, in others they 

 are as widely divided as they are in their habits and nidification. 



They are all noisy, gregarious birds, feeding principally on the 

 ground but also on bushes, and they eat both insects, seeds and 

 fruit. 



Harington proposed to divide the birds of this genus into two 

 genera on account of the varying degree of density in the plumes 

 and bristles at the base of the bill and by the differences in the 

 shape of the bill itself. To be consistent, however, one would 

 have to make yet further genera, for if ruficollis differs in degree 

 from ccei-ulatits, so also yalbanus differs to an equal extent from 

 ruficollis. Under the circumstances it would seeua wiser to keep 

 them together, and this I do. 



Key to Species and Subspecies. 



A. Chin and throat black. 



a. Ear-coverts black D. rufcoUis, p. 139. 



b. Ear-coverts white. 



a'. Back chestnut D. nuchalis, p. 140. 



b ! . Back olive-brown D, chinensis, p. 141. 



B. Chin and throat white. 



c. Tail with no pale tip D. cterulatus ccendatus, p. 141 _ 



d. Tail with pale tip. 



c'. Ear-coverts white D. c. stibceerulatus, p. 142. 



d'. Ear-coverts brown D. c. kaurensis, p. 143. 



C. Chin and throat chestnut-brown . . D. sannio, p. 144. 



D. Chin black, throat yellow D. galbanus, p. 145. 



