146 T1MALIID,E. 



Key to Species and Subspecies. 



A. Crown and crest white. 



a. Upper breast white, distinctly defined 



from rufous of lower breast and 



abdomen G.I. leucolophus, p. 146. 



b. Breast white, merging into rufous of 



abdomen G.I. belanyeri, p. 148. 



c. Breast and entire abdomen white G.I. diardi, p. 148. 



B. Crest not present, crown not white. 



d. A well-marked black pectoral band. 

 a'. A black cheek-stripe. 



a". Tips to tail white G. p. pectoralis, p. 150. 



b''. Tips to tail buff G. p. semitorquata, p. 151. 



b'. No black cheek-stripe. 



c". Tips to tail white G. m. moniliger, p. 151. 



d". Tips to tail buff G. m.fuscata, p. 152. 



e. No pectoral band. 



c'. Chin and throat yellow G. yularis, p. 152. 



d'. Chin and throat white. 



e". Tail entirely black G. delcsserti, p. 149. 



/'. Tail tipped with white. 



a'". Darker G. a. albogularis, p. 153. 



b'". i'aler G. a. whistleri, p. 154. 



'. './bin and throat chocolate-brown . . G. strepitans, p. 154. 



(128) Garrulax leucolophus leucolophus. 

 THE HIMALAYAN WHITE-CRESTED LAUGHING-THEUSH. 



Corvus leucolophus Hardw., Trans. Linn. Soc., xi, p. 208 (1815) 



(Mt. above Hardwar). 

 Garrulax leucolophus. Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 77. 



Vernacular names. Rawil-Kaliy (Hindi in N.W.P.); Karrio-pho 

 (Lepcha) ; Karria-goka (Bhutan) ; Naga-dhaopoolelca (Assam) ; 

 Dao-flantu (Cachari). 



Description. Lores, ear-coverts and round the eye black ; the 

 rest of the head to nape and to lower breast pure white, the 

 longest feathers of the crest dark ashy-grey ; a ferruginous collar 

 below upper breast merging into the olive-brown of the rest of 

 upper and lower plumage ; wings brown, the outer webs of the 

 feathers like the back ; tail brown washed with olive-brown ; 

 flanks, lower breast and abdomen like the back, but with a tinge of 

 rufous throughout. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris red or red-brown ; bill horny-black 

 to black ; legs and feet slate to fleshy-grey, the soles paler and 

 claws darker ; orbital skin dull slate. 



Measurements. Length about 300 mm. ; wing 132 to 137 mm. ; 

 tail about 130 to 135 mm.; tarsus about 45 mm.; culmen about 

 28 to 30 mm. 



Distribution. Himalayas from Simla to North Chin Hills, 

 Kachin Hills and North and Central Burma. 



