GABETJLAX. 151 



undergrowth they are less often seen than heard, for they are 

 as noisy as the rest of their family. They indulge in the same 

 dances during the early part of the season and not infrequently at 

 other times also, hopping about the ground, flirting and spreading 

 their wings, bowing and performing like circus contortionists, all 

 the time loudly applauding their own performances. 



(133) Garrulax pectoralis semitorquata. 

 THE BUEMESB BLACK-GOEGETED LAUGHING-TH-BUSH. 



Garrulax semitorquata Ogilvie-Grant, Bull. B. 0. C., x, p. 49 (1900) 

 (Five-finger Mt., Hainan). 



Vernacular names. None recorded. 



Description. Differs from the last bird in having the tips to the 

 tail-feathers buff instead of white and the pectoral band fre- 

 quently interrupted in the centre. 



Colours of soft parts and Measurements as in the last bird. 



Distribution. S. Burma, S. Shan States, Yunnan, Siam and 

 Hainan. 



Nidification and Habits as in pectoralis pectoralis. 50 eggs 

 average 30'7 X 22-0 mm. 



(134) Garrulax moniliger moniliger. 

 THE INDIAN NECKLACED LAUGHING-THEUSH. 



Cinclosoma moniligera Hodgs., As. Res., xix, p. 147 (1836) (Nepal). 

 Garrulax moniliger. Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 81. 



Vernacular names. O^o(Lepcha); Piang-kam(Bh\it.); Poreri 

 or Purirhi (Daphla) ; Chota penga (Bengali). 



Description. Differs from pectoralis in wanting the black cheek*- 

 stripe and in having the primary-coverts the same as the others, 

 not black. The ear-coverts are black and white, varying much 

 individually. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris pale yellow to bright yellow ; eyelids 

 dull purple ; bill dark horn-colour, the tip and edges paler ; legs 

 light plumbeous, claws pale horn-colour. In young birds the eyes 

 are greenish yellow or a pale washed-out blue. 



Measurements. Length about 300 to 310 mm. ; wing 123 to 

 128mm.; tail about 120 to 125 mm. ; tarsus about 43 mm. ; culmen 

 about 28 mm. 



Distribution. Practically the same as that of G. pectoralis 

 pectoralis. 



Nidification. This Laughing-Thrush has breeding habits, season, 

 elevation, etc., all identical with its larger cousin, pectoralis; the 

 nests are indistinguishable, but the eggs can be told by their smaller 

 size. 200 eggs average about 2S-4x 21-3 mm., but the largest of 



