162 TIMALIID^E. 



spotted eggs with the one exception of T. squamatum, which lays 

 them plain blue. Even the shape of the bills and nostrils, 

 however, varies only in degree, more or less intergrading with one 

 another. 



If Harington and Gates, and before them Gray, thought 

 it desirable to split up the genus, we have Hartert on the contrary 

 lumping under the one name (lanthocincla), Oates's genera lanlho- 

 cinda, Sabax and Troclialopterum. It must be remembered, how- 

 ever, that in the Palaearctic region Hartert has to deal with only 

 29 species and subspecies, whereas in the Oriental region the 

 n umber is much greater, no less than 40 species and subspecies 

 being found in India in this genus alone. 



Oates's genera, as given in the first edition of the 'Avifauna,' 

 seem reasonable and are easy for the student to understand, and 

 I retain them in the present edition. 



In the first edition, however, many geographical races were 

 quite wrongly given the status of full species, and these are now 

 relegated to their proper position. A few new species and sub- 

 species have been added to our list, and we have recognized in this 

 genus 12 species and 17 subspecies. 



Key to Species. 



A. Chestnut on crowr. or nape, or both ...... T. erythrocephalum, 



13. No chestnut on crown or nape. [p. 162. 



a. Wings brightly coloured. 

 a'. Wings chiefly crimson. 



a". Tail black T. phceniceum, p. 168. 



b". Tail crimson T. milnei. p. 170. 



b'. Wings chiefly bright yellow. 



c". Primary-coverts brown T. subunicolor, p. 171. 



d" ' . Primary-coverts black. 



'". Tail without white tips T. affine, p. 172. 



[ffatum, p. 173. 



b"'. Tail with white tips T. vuriegatum varie- 



[p. 174. 



c'. Wings chiefly slaty-blue T. variegatum simile, 



d'. Wings with patch of bright blue .... T. squamatum, p. 174. 



b. Wings dull coloured with no bright patch. 

 e'. Upper plumage not striped. 



e" '. Breast rufous T. cachinnans, p. 176. 



f". Breast whitish, streaked ashy T.jerdtmt, p. 177. 



g". Breast olive grey-brown T. henrici, p. 183. 



f. Upper plumage striped. 



A''. With a white supercilium T. virgatum, p. 179. 



*'". With no white supercilium T. lineatum, p. 180. 



Trochalopterum erythrocephalum. 



This species is a very widely extended one, ranging from the 

 Western Himalayas to the south of Tenasserim. As might be 

 expected, its geographical variations are great, and it is therefore 

 divided into 8 subspecies. 



