ft 



CHLtflGER. 361 



c 4 . Crest ample and covering whole 



crown. 



e 5 . Tail very slightly rounded, the 

 outer feather falling short of 

 the tip of the tail by less than 

 the length of the hind toe .. MOLPARTKS, p. 381. 



/ 5 . Tail greatly rounded XANTHIXUS, p. 392. 



d*. Crest thin and confined to centre 

 of crown. 



Feathers of back with soft shafts OTOCOMPSA, p. 394. 

 Feathers of back with rigid, [p. 399. 



spinous shafts PINAROCICHLA, 



b". Nostrils nearly concealed by thick 



plumelets . . " SPIZIXUS, p. 400. 



d' '. Crest inconspicuous or entirely absent. 

 c". Upper tail-coverts not reaching to 



middle of tail. 

 c"'. Feathers of crown and forehead 



short and stiff TRACHYCOMUS, p. 402. 



d'". Feathers of crown and forehead 



lonsrer and soft. 



e 4 . Bill about f length of head, com- 

 pressed and sharply carinate . . IOLE, p. 403. 

 / 4 . Bill about 5 length of head, neither 



much compressed nor carinate. 

 ff*. Plumage not squamated .... PYCNONOTUS, p. 410. 



h 5 . Plumage squamated RUBIGULA, p. 409. 



d". Upper tail-coverts reaching nearly to 



end of tail MICROTARSUS, p. 422. 



d. Feathers on sides of crown and over ear- 

 coverts long and pointed, contrasting with 

 the rounded feathers of forehead KELAARTIA, p. 426. 



Genus CRINIGER Teuim., 1820. 



The genus Criniger may be known from all the other Bulbuls 

 by the presence of a long pointed crest and numerous very long 

 hairs springing from the nape and hind neck. The tails of all the 

 Indian and Burmese species are, moreover, rufous, a character 

 .shared by few other Bulbuls. 



Fig. 71. Head of C. t.flaueolus. 



In Criniger the bill is strong and about half the length of the 

 'head and the culmen is curved throughout ; the rictal bristles are 

 well developed. The wing is blunt ; the tail short and rounded 

 -and the tarsus short but very strong. The plumage is very soft. 



