410 Pl'CNONOTID.E. 



Genus PYCNONOTUS Kuhl, 1826. 



With the exception of the genus Molpastes, the present genus 

 contains a far greater number of species and subspecies than any 

 other and of these there are representatives found from Ceylon 

 to Central India and from Arrakan to the Malayan Islands and 

 again East through the Kachin Hills to China. The genus is, 

 however, not represented in Northern India or North-West 

 Burma. 



In Pycnonotus the bill is of small size and the nuchal hairs are 

 obsolete or sm;ill. Many of the species are of dull colour but a 

 few are of brilliant plumage. 



Key to Species. 



A. Throat white. [p. 410. 



a. Forehead atid crown dark brown .... P. goiavier analis, [p. 41 1 . 



b. Forehead and crown black -P. (twit/aster .vanthorrhous, 



B. Throat grey streaked with bright yellow P.foilaysoni, p. 412. 



C. Throat yellow. 



c. Crown black P. melanicterus, p. 414. 



d. Crown vellow P. xantholtenws, p. 415. 



D. Throat ruby-red P. gularis, p. 415. 



E. Throat slaty-blue P. cyaniventris, p. 416. 



F. Throat brown or grey. 



e. Under tail-coverts yellow P. luteolus, p. 417. 



/. Under tail-coverts brown or buff. 



a'. Ear-coverts silvery-white or with 



silvery-white shafts : . . P. plumosus, p. 418. 



b'. Ear-coverts like the crown. 



a". Wing over 75 mm P. simplex, p. 421. 



b" . Wing under 75 mm P. erythropthalmus, p. 422. 



(425) Pycnonotus goiavier analis. 

 THE YELLOW- VENTIU) BULBUL. 



Turdus analis Horsf., Trans. L. 8., xiii, p. 147 (1820) (Java). 

 Pycnonotus analis. Blanf. & Gates, i, p. 287. 



Vernacular names. Merelah (Malay). 



Description. The whole upper plumage brown tinged with olive, 

 darker on the head and the feathers with faint pale edges; wings 

 and tail dark brown edged with olive-brown; a broad supercilium 

 white; lores and feathers on the eyelids black; ear-coverts pale 

 brown; cheeks, chin and throat whitish; breast brown, the 

 feathers with pale edges ; abdomen white suffused with brown 

 and flanks darker brown ; under tail-coverts sulphur-yellow. 



Colours of soft parts. Iris wood-brown or chocolate ; legs, feet, 

 claws and bill black. 



Measurements. Total length about 200 mm.; wing about 83 to 

 91 rnm. ; tail about 80 to 85 mm. ; tarsus about 20 mm. ; culmen 

 about 15 mm. 



Distribution. Tenasserim and Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, 

 Java, Borneo, Siam, Cochin China. 



