374 Origin of Each Species Considered Separately. 



ties of the second and third order as described above. ^ 



Combinations of this kind occur both in pure cultures 

 and in the offspring of crosses. The following are the 

 cases which I have observed so far. 



Commonest of all were dwarfs which also bore the 

 characters of lata, developed to their full extent. I no- 

 ticed the first in 1892 amongst my nanellas, which were 

 at that time, as I have already stated, constant in every 

 other respect. There were three plants which, like the 

 rest, were annual. They flowered amongst the others and 

 were fertilized with their pollen. They produced fruits 

 which however contained little seed. They attained a 

 height of 25 cm. and could be recognized even before 

 they flowered as naneUa-lata. Their broad rounded 

 leaves, the compact inflorescence with broad bracts, their 

 thick swollen buds and the crumpled petals of their flow- 

 ers exactly resembled those of true lata. But their seeds, 

 resulting from fertilization by nanella, gave rise to ordi- 

 nary nanella only 



In the sum.mer of 1896 I had another example of 

 nanella-lata from seeds of self-fertilized nanella. It 

 agreed exactly with those observed in 1892. 



In 1898 and 1899 the same combination appeared 

 amongst the offspring of two crosses (1)0. Lamarckiana 

 XO. nanella, (II) O. lata X O. nanella. In the first of 

 these (1898) there were two examples amongst about 

 100 dwarfs, in the other (1899) only one amongst 133 

 nanellas and 79 latas. The second culture was under- 

 taken solely with the object of bringing about the com- 

 bination of the two forms by crossing. This object 

 was attained, the characteristic features of the two pa- 



^ Compare for example Scahiosa afropurpurea nana purpurea and 

 other cases on p. 197. 



