70 The Different Modes of Oriijiii of uei^' Speeies. 



I shall supplement the examples named with a few more ; 

 they serve to show how general this parallelism between 

 anomalies and specific characters is. 'riuis, for example, 

 Polxgoniiiii z'k'ipannii and Agave vk'ipava bear adven- 

 titious buds or bulbils normally in the inflorescences; 

 but I found them also as an anomaly in Aloe verrucosa 

 and Saxifraga lunbrosa. A spiral involution is normally 

 exhibited by the flowerstalks of Vallisneria and Cyclamen, 

 and it occurs as a variety in the stalks of J uncus spiralis, 

 and as an anomaly in Scirpus lacustris of which latter 

 a beautiful instance came under my notice. Hypocot}'l- 

 ous buds are, for example, normally present in Linaria 

 and Linuni) they occur as an anomaly in Siegesbeckia^ 

 according to Braun, and I have also observed them in 

 Phaseolus niultiflorus. The numerous flowerbuds on the 

 leaf stalk of Cucuinis sativus as described by Caspary- 

 are analogous to the buds scattered on the internodes of 

 Begonia pJiyllonianiaca. The bulbs of Gladiolus carry 

 their lateral corms on stalks; I observed the same mode 

 of connection as an anomaly in Hyacinthus oriental is. 

 Masters has collected a series of teratological cases'"' of 

 buds on leaves, which may be regarded as parallel to tlie 

 normal instance of the same phenomenon furnished by 

 Bryophylhnn. 



We see therefore that a large number of specific 

 characters are analogous to taxinomous anomalies. 11ie 

 latter recur in related forms, but much more frequentlv 

 in more or less remote groups. In so far as they are 

 due to a common cause, they point to the widesj^read 



^ A. Braun, Verh. d. bot. Vereins Brandcnb., XII, 1870, p. 151. 



^ Caspary, Uehcr Blilthcnsprosse auf BldUcrn, Schriften d. pliys 

 Gesellsch., Konigsberg, 1874, p. 99 and Table II. 



' Masters, Vegetable Teratology, p. 170. 



