492 The Iiiconstaucy of Fasciafcd Races. 



below the ear may be split and produce two ordinary 

 ears side by side. Amongst other plants also forkings 

 of this kind are by no means rare, but as a rule they 

 occur associated with typical fasciations. 



The latter are of the same breadth from below, that 

 is to say in the strict sense ribbon-shaped, or they begin 

 with a cylindrical form below, and gradually flatten out 

 towards the top. The latter case is the normal one ; from 

 it the former has been derived. This may occur either on 

 an axis of two or more years of age, or on the lateral 

 branches of stems which are themselves fasciated. Axes 

 of two or more years of age begin by being circular in 

 transverse section, and can, in the same summer, obtain 

 a maximum breadth which they then retain in later years. 

 This is observed especially in stems which arise from a 

 rosette of radical leaves developed in the preceding year 

 (Crepis biennis, Aster Tripoliuni, Picris hieracioides, Pri- 

 inula japonica, Raminciihis bulbosus [Fig. 105] etc.). 

 In trees and shrubs and especially in firs (Abies excelsa) 

 a fasciation that has once appeared, frequently reappears 

 for several years in succession.^ The lateral branches 

 of fasciated axes often have an expanded base and then 

 grow on without further increase in breadth. 



Like the base of a lateral twig, a leaf on a fasciation 

 can undergo expansion in its youth. In this way there 

 arise broader, more or less deeply split, leaves, not infre- 

 quently even with similarly expanded or split -axillary 

 twigs (Fig. 106) ; or again the germs may be split and 

 parted quite early, and two or more leaves arise in this 

 way instead of a single one. Especially when the leaves 



* C. DE Candolle. Fasciation che:: un Sapin, Archiv. Sc. phys. et 

 nat., tScSq, Vol. XXT. p. 95. PI. TT ; and Over de erfcJykhcid der 

 fasciaticiij Botan. Jaarboek, 1894, PI. XI. 



