TJic InJicritaiicc of I'ascialioiis. -1-99 



a greater l)rea(lth tlian about 2.5 centimeters; Ijiit in large 

 cultures there were sometimes as many as 60 or 70/^ of 

 such broadened shoots. When grown as a biennial, h(nv- 

 e\'er, the hearts of the rosettes gradually expand in the 

 first autumn or during the winter, and from these, stems 

 are produced which sometimes attain a very considerable 

 breadth. Thus, for instance, in the summer of 1895 I 

 measured some of from 3-6 centimeters. Picris hicra- 

 cioidcs seldom produces fasciations in the first year, and 

 when it does they are not broad ; whilst the stems i)ro- 

 duced m the second year from the broadened rosettes of 

 radical leaves ordinarily afford some of the finest in- 

 stances of this anomaly.^ 



Just as the age of the various individuals of a culture 

 has a great effect on the production and development 

 of the fasciations, so also has the time of the year at w^hich 

 the seed is sown. Many biennial or perennial plants 

 which quickly manifest the character of the race when 

 sown early, remain apparently normal if the sowing was 

 made late, and they cannot grow out to sufficient strength 

 before winter. My fasciated races of Crepis biennis and 

 Taraxacum officinale are very instructive in this connec- 

 tion. Sowings of Crepis, made in April and May, gave 

 from 30-40% of fasciated individuals. Sowings made 

 at the end of Ji-ily produced 20% only, and those made in 

 September none at all. Similarly, Taraxacum officiiiale, 

 when sown in spring, produced 13 to 27% of fasciations. 

 whilst a sowing made in August did not produce even 

 so much as a single flattened flower-stalk. 



\^ur la ciillurc dcs monstruositcs, Compt. rend., Paris, Jan. 1899; 

 Sur la culture dcs fasciations dcs espcccs aiinucllcs ct bisa)i)ii(cllcs, 

 Revue gen. d. Bot., 1899, Vol. XI, p. 136; and Ucbcr die Ahhdni^ig- 

 kcit dcr Fasciation vom Alter bei czi'eijdhrigcii PHanzen, Botanisclies 

 Ccntralblatt, 1899, Vol. LXXVII. 



