466 Appendix VIII [i 891-1895 



1891 The fortifications at Bizerta are stopped and the policy of a war of 

 revenge for Alsace Lorraine is practically abandoned. 



Comparative quiet in Egypt, the Government is continued on lines 

 of strict despotism and financial economy. No attempt made to 

 carry out Dufferin's " Institutions." Egypt's material prosperity is 

 pushed forward as an excuse for continuing the Occupation. 



1892 yth Jan. — Death of the Khedive Tewfik. Accession of his son, 

 Abbas II. 



Cromer treats the young Khedive with scant consideration. 



Resurrection of the Egyptian National Party, headed by Abbas, 

 who acquires great popularity. 



Cromer, fearing lest after the General Election Gladstone should 

 return to power, has Milner appointed to a place in the Egyptian Fi- 

 nance Office, his duty being to organize the press and popularize the 

 policy of retaining Egypt. 



Milner's book, " England in Egypt," is published. It effects its 

 purpose with the English Radicals. 



Gladstone returns to power in July. He appoints Rosebery to the 

 Foreign Office, who makes condition that Egypt should not be evac- 

 uated. Grey appointed his Under-Secretary. 



1893 The young Khedive attempts to assert his authority in the matter of 

 appointing Ministers, but is opposed by Cromer, who is supported by 

 Rosebery. 



More than one serious crisis at Cairo. 



The new Nationalists demand their promised Constitution. A 

 strong feeling prevails aaginst the Occupation. 



French diplomacy alternately encourages and disappoints the Khed- 

 ive, a "policy of pin pricks." 



Kitchener appointed Sirdar of the Egyptian Army. Though in the 

 Khedive's pay he takes his orders from Cromer, and a quarrel ensues. 



Cromer threatens the Khedive with violent measures, and, sup- 

 ported by Rosebery, reduces him to obedience. 



1894 Rosebery succeeds Gladstone as Prime Minister in March. Sir Ed- 

 ward Grey at the Foreign Office. 



Riaz Pasha resigns office, and Cromer appoints Mustafa Fehmy as 

 dummy Prime Minister in his place. English officials multiplied in 

 Egypt. 



In Turkey the Armenians, encouraged by English sympathy, form a 

 National Committee, with the design of an independent Armenia. 

 They ally themselves with Katkoff and the Russian Nihilists. They 

 refuse taxes at Samsun, and are massacred by the Turkish Governor. 



Japan makes war on China and obtains rights in Corea. 



Death of Czar Alexander of Russia. 



The French under Joffre occupy Timbuctoo. 



1895 Rosebery proposes to France and Russia that they should join in 

 intervention for the Armenians. These, believing Rosebery to be 

 willing to dismember the Ottoman Empire, agree. 



Rosebery out of office. Salisbury Prime Minister. 



In Russia Giers dies and is succeeded by Lobanov. Lobanov, see- 



