472 Appendix VIII [1908-1910 



1908 The Foreign Office policy in full reaction against Liberal institu- 

 tions in the East. 



Revolution at Constantinople. 



The Sultan is forced to summon a Parliament under the Constitu- 

 tion of 1877. 



Liberal sympathy in England expressed for the Young Turks, be- 

 lieving them to be anti-Islamic. 



For the same reason the King telegraphs to the Sultan to congratu- 

 late him, especially on his appointing Kiamil Pasha his Grand Vizier. 



England's influence for the moment becomes supreme at Constanti- 

 nople, Germany's credit falling to a low point. 



The Egyptians ask, as a province of the Empire, to be represented 

 in the Ottoman Parliament. 



Grey declares that this cannot be granted as Egypt has a Constitu- 

 tion of her own. 



The Bulgarian Government seizes the Orient railroad. 



Austria, with the approval of Germany, annexes Bosnia and Herze- 

 govina. 



Albania declares its independence and Crete annexes itself to 

 Greece. 



1909 April. — Counter-revolution at Constantinople. 

 Abdul Hamid once more gets the upper hand. 

 The Ottoman Parliament dismissed. 



Many arrests of Young Turks made. 



The British Embassy sides with the Sultan, the German Embassy 

 with the Constitution. 



The Young Turks, under Enver Bey, march from Salonika on Con- 

 stantinople, the German Embassy providing funds. 



They force the Sultan to abdicate and restore the Constitution. 



Abdul Hamid's next heir, Reshad, is proclaimed Sultan Mohammed 

 V. 



Riots at Cairo against new Press Laws. From this point England 

 loses all popularity at Constantinople. 



j u ly. — Teheran being threatened with a Russian occupation, the 

 Bakhtiaris march there and depose Mohammed Ali and restore the 

 Constitution. His son Ahmed, a boy of twelve, is recognized as 

 Shah. 



Grey approves the Russian policy in Persia. 



Tabriz is occupied by Russia. 



Great atrocities committed. 



Deportation Law decreed in Egypt. 



Great popular resentment. 



The young Indian Dingra assassinates Sir Curzon Wyllie in London. 



The extreme Turkish Party at Constantinople raise up trouble in 

 the Arabic speaking provinces of the Empire by insisting on centraliz- 

 ing their power. 



King Leopold of Belgium dies, leaving enormous wealth. 



1910 Boutros Pasha is assassinated at Cairo. 



