GOLDEN-ROD GALL 



49 



If the gall is a round one, the insect inside is a young fly. 

 The fly will probably remain in the gall all winter and come 

 out in the spring. Save some of the galls in a covered jar 

 and see what kind of a fly comes out. Keep them in the 

 cellar where they will not dry up too much. If the gall is 

 long and spindle-shaped, a moth will probably go from it in 

 the fall, leaving an empty 

 pupa case sticking out 

 from a hole in its side. 

 Was the pupa case half- 

 way out of any of the 

 galls that you found? 



Tufted Galls, — Some- 

 times you may see a 

 golden-rod that grows a 

 dense mass of leaves like 

 a green chrysanthemum 

 flower. These bunches of 

 leaves are galls, and are 

 inhabited by the grubs of 

 small flies. 



The Spiny Rose Gall. — 

 On the twigs of wild rose 

 bushes you may some- 

 times find clusters of balls 

 like peas, covered with 

 long, sharp spines. Keep 

 some in a jar, and you 

 will get black flies from 

 them in the spring. 



Other Galls. — On grape and blackberry vines galls often 

 form red, bulging knobs. Inside of them are small larvas 

 which become black flies in the fall or in the following spring. 



On willow bushes you can often find two or three kinds of 

 galls. One kind looks like a pine cone. 



OVER. NAT. STUD. 4 



Golden-rod Galls 



