88 BIRDS OF THE NEW YORK CITY REGION 



height of fifty feet or more, and the resulting splash can be 

 seen a quarter of a mile away. 



Long Island. Common transient off-shore, very rare in mid- 

 winter. (March 3) March 23 to June 2; October 5 to January 5; 

 casual in August and September. 



ORIENT. Rare visitant, October 29, 1906 to December 30, 

 1915; April 7, 1912 (Gardiner's Island, Griscom and Harper). 

 MASTIC. Regular transient off-shore. 

 LONG BEACH. Common transient, chiefly in April and 

 November. March 3, 1917 (J. T. Nichols) to May 19, 1921 

 (Bicknell) and June 2, 1921 (Bicknell). October 5, 1919 

 (Crosby) to January 5, 1913 (Griscom). One mid-winter 

 record, January 24, 1922 (Griscom). Recorded August 4 and 

 September 8, 1921 (Bicknell). 



New York State. Casual off Staten Island, September 29, 

 1905 (Chapin). 

 New Jersey. 



ENGLEWOOD REGION. Casual on the Hudson opposite 

 Dyckman Street Ferry, October 16, 1915 (J. T. Nichols). 



CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo) 



This species does not winter regularly south of Cormorant 

 Rock off the Rhode Island coast. On rare occasions, however, 

 it reaches the Orient Point region, chiefly in the fall, seldom 

 remaining until mid-winter. This is undoubtedly responsible 

 for the idea of the older ornithologists that it was a transient. 

 The two species of Cormorants are difficult to distinguish in 

 life. The common one is the Double-crested, and there is no 

 reasonable doubt that the birds seen off the Long Island 

 beaches are the latter species. Adults of the two species 

 cannot be separated in life unless seen sitting side by side, 

 when the greater size of carbo is evident. Immature birds 

 are, however, readily separable, if a good view of the under- 

 parts can be secured. In the Double-crested the throat and 

 breast are light brownish, in marked contrast with the black- 

 ish belly. The throat and breast of carbo are similarly colored , 

 but there is a rapid change to white on the abdomen and belly. 



