186 BIRDS OF THE NEW YORK CITY REGION 



identification in life on size alone entirely unsatisfactory. 



Unfortunately the majority of the individuals which reach 



our area are immature. Well-marked flights have occurred 



on a very few occasions, in 1863, 1889, 1895-96, 1898-99, and 



in 1906. The last flight, however, did not materialize near 



New York City, and there are scarcely any records in the 



last twenty-three years. The Goshawk is, therefore, without 



any question, the rarest of the irregular winter visitants, 



whose occurrence cannot b3 regarded as casual or accidental. 



Long Island. Very rare and irregular winter visitant, October 



10 to April 19, more frequent at the eastern end; I know of only 



one record for the western end of the island since 1899, November 



12, 1915, Half Hollow Hills (F. M. Schott). 



ORIENT. Very rare and irregular winter visitant, December 

 16, 1908 to April 19, 1920 (both Gardiner's Island). 

 New York State. I have only one record. 



BRONX REGION. One record; for several days in January 

 1919 an adult preyed upon the waterfowl in the Zoological 

 Garden (Lee S. Crandall). Mr. Crandall most kindly acceded 

 to my request for details, and sent me a full account of his ex- 

 perience. He succeeded in approaching the bird within 100 feet, 

 but was never able to get a fair shot. He fired and scared it off. 

 New Jersey. In the extreme northwestern part of Sussex 

 County, the Goshawk is an irregular winter visitor, occurring almost 

 every winter, but is usually rare. Flights occurred in 1916-17 and 

 again in 1917-18, and Mr. Justus von Lengerke killed nine the 

 first winter and sixteen the latter near Stag Lake. He has kindly 

 presented the Museum with specimens taken on dates ranging 

 from October 19, 1918 to April 19, 1919. In the rest of the State, 

 however, the Goshawk is so rare as to be practically unknown in 

 recent years. An adult shot near Elizabeth about 1895 (Urner); 

 recorded near Plainfield in December 1907, when three specimens 

 were shot locally (Miller). 



ENGLEWOOD REGION. One record, an adult male collected 

 November 15, 1918 (Weber). 



RED-TAILED HAWK (Buteo borealis) 



The Buzzards, or Buteo group of Hawks, can always be 

 recognized by their broad wings, short fan-shaped tail, and 



