ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BIRDS 243 



localities, only breeding in others, but has undoubtedly in- 

 creased and spread northward and inland. Where not 

 resident it is one of our earliest spring arrivals. On the other 

 hand it is one of the first species to depart in the fall. Its 

 "caw," high-pitched, nasal, hoarse, and distinctly staccato, 

 is easily distinguishable from the corresponding call of the 

 common Crow. The voices of young Crows in summer, 

 are, however, quite similar, and are often not safely separable. 

 The smaller size is of no value, unless direct comparison is 

 available. 



Long Island. Locally common permanent resident, compara- 

 tively scarce on the outer beaches of the south shore, which is 

 contrary to what would be expected. 



ORIENT. Rare resident, sometimes common visitant in fall. 

 MASTIC. Fairly common in spring; may breed inland. 

 LONG BEACH. A decidedly rare visitant, occurring at all 

 seasons; has never bred; formerly not so rare. 

 New York State. Confined in our area to the Hudson River 

 Valley and its immediate vicinity, and the Sound. A summer 

 resident only, except on Staten Island. 



CENTRAL PARK. Uncommon visitant, occurring chiefly in 

 late April and early May; April 6, 1914 (Hix) to June 11, 1901 

 (Chubb); no definite identifications in August. 



BRONX REGION. Common summer resident, March 14, 

 1921 (L. N. Nichols) to September; one winter record, 

 February 12, 1906 (Hix). 



New Jersey. Confined to the Hudson River valley, the adja- 

 cent meadows of Newark and Hackensack, the Raritan River val- 

 ley, and the adjacent country. Occasional in the Plainfield region, 

 but rare in winter (Miller). One was seen and heard at close range 

 on May 21, 1921 at Bridge ville, Warren County (Griscom), so it 

 may extend up the Delaware as far as the Water Gap. Perhaps 

 casual at Stag Lake, Sussex Co., one collected April 16, 1922 

 (Justus von Lengerke). 



ENGLEWOOD REGION. Common summer resident, Feb- 

 ruary 22, 1915 (N. F. Lenssen) to August 30, 1887 (Chapman); 

 only twice recorded later than this, October 9, 1921 (Griscom 

 and J. M. Johnson) and October 13, 1906 (Hix and Wiegmann). 

 The evidence available would show that these dates are 

 quite exceptional. 



