[36] BIRDS OF OREGON 



trichocarpa), vine maple (Acer circinatum), cascara (Rhamnus purshiana), 

 western dogwood (Cornus Occident alts), and Oregon crab apple (Malus di- 

 versifolia) are to be found in mixed stands. On the slopes, particularly on 

 the foothills of the Willamette Valley, such trees as madrone (Arbutus 

 men^iesii), Garry oak (Quercus garryana), and Pacific dogwood (Cornus nut- 

 tallii) are found intermingled with the second growth of Douglas fir. 

 Farther south, on the slopes above the Rogue and Umpqua, a live oak 

 (Quercus chrysolepis), incense-cedar (Libocedrus decurrens), and the laurel or 

 myrtlewood (Umbellularia californica) make their appearance, and madrone 

 becomes much more conspicuous. 



Among the legion of shrubs, which make impenetrable thickets in well- 

 watered areas and more or less complete ground cover throughout the 

 forests, are several species of California lilac (Ceanotbus), hazel (Corylus 

 californica), salal (Gaultheria s ballon), Oregon grape (Berber is aqui folium), 

 devilsclub (Echinopanax horridum), evergreen blueberry (Vaccinium ovatum), 

 salmonberry (Kubus spectabilis), thimbleberry (Kubus parviflorus), pink 

 spirea (Spiraea douglast), and elderberries (Sambucus glauca and S. calli- 

 carpa). With these is a wealth of annual and perennial herbaceous plants, 

 as one would expect in such a well-watered land. Among the more con- 

 spicuous may be mentioned some that are of striking beauty, as the camas 

 (Camassia esculenta and C. leichtlinii), the Mount Hood lily (Lilium wash- 

 ingtonianum); troutlilies, or lamb's-tongues, in cream, lavender, and 

 pink (Erythronium giganteum, E. hendersoni, and E. revolutuni), which are the 

 most brilliantly colored of their type in all the world; gorgeous silenes 

 (Silene hookeri and S. ingrami); showy bird bills (Dodecatheon latifoliurn); a 

 delphinium (Delphinium trolliifolium), which rivals in beauty the best 

 creations of the plant breeders; and a gray-leafed, yellow-flowered com- 

 posite (Eriophyllum lanatum), which has earned fame throughout the land 

 under the poetic name of Oregon sunshine. A hundred others might be 

 mentioned, but these are enough to designate this zone, which covers 

 most of western Oregon like a blanket. 



Conspicuous breeding birds of the humid section of the Transition Zone 

 are the Sooty and Oregon Ruffed Grouse, Northern Spotted Owl, Pygmy 

 Owl, Brewster's Screech Owl, Band-tailed Pigeon, Harris's and Gaird- 

 ner's Woodpeckers, Northern Pileated Woodpecker, Vaux's Swift, Coast 

 Jay, Western Winter Wren, California Creeper, Chestnut-backed and Ore- 

 gon Chickadees, Coast Wren-tits, Western Golden-crowned Kinglet, and 

 many others. 



Some of the conspicuous mammals of this section are the black-tailed 

 deer (Odocoileus columbianus columbianus), Roosevelt's elk (Cervus canadensis 

 rooseveltt), brush rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani ubericolor), Washington rabbit 

 (Lepus americanus washingtonii, the humid coast relative of the snowshoe), 

 silver gray squirrel (Sciurus griseus griseus^), Douglas's pine squirrel (Sciurus 



