[378] BIRDS OF OREGON 



listed a number of sets of eggs taken in the eighties, some near 

 Salem by Clinton T. Cooke, and some in Washington County by Anthony. 

 He also referred to many nests and specimens that he took himself about 

 Fort Klamath at about the same time, but those records properly belong 

 to the next form. Woodcock (1901) presented records from Lincoln, 

 Yamhill, Multnomah, Marion, and Benton Counties. 



In checking the ranges for the two subspecies now listed for this State, 

 we find a lack of breeding birds from the southern Willamette and the 

 Umpqua Valleys, so that we are not able to define the area of inter- 

 gradation as closely as is desirable. All of our specimens from the Willa- 

 mette Valley and the coast district as far south as Coos County, both 

 winter and summer, undoubtedly belong to this subspecies. There is in 

 addition a single bird (Gabrielson Coll. No. 3559) from Grants Pass, 

 taken December 9, 1918, that is unquestionably a northern bird. Breed- 

 ing material from the northern Cascades is lacking, but these birds should 

 also belong to this form. 



As this is the only sapsucker found in the Willamette Valley and 

 adjacent Coast Mountains, to it alone must be credited the damage to 

 orchard and shade trees that at times calls forth bitter complaint. Prune 

 trees and English walnut trees seem most subject to its attacks, although 

 few fruit trees are entirely immune. Individual trees are often attacked 

 year after year until damage results from direct physical injury. In 

 addition, many orchardists fear the entry of disease organisms in the 

 open wounds left by the birds. 



Southern Red-breasted Sapsucker: 



Sphyrapicus varius daggetti Grinnell 



DESCRIPTION. "Adults: Whole head, neck, and chest plain red, or black and white 

 markings of nuchalis only suggested; back, wings, and tail black, heavily marked 

 with white; belly dusky or yellowish. Young: duller, and color pattern less distinct, 

 the red replaced by claret brown. Length: 8.50-9.15, wing (male) 4.70-5.05, tail 

 3.10-3.50, bill 1.001.08." (Bailey) Nest: Usually in aspens, not far from the 

 ground. Eggs: 5 or 6, pure white. 



DISTRIBUTION. General: Breeds from southern Oregon south through California 

 mountains. Winters in adjacent lowlands. In Oregon: Permanent resident of Kla- 

 math, Jackson, Josephine, and possibly extreme southern Lake Counties, where it 

 breeds in highlands and winters sparingly in valleys, most of the birds going south 

 into California from October to April. 



THE RECORDS of Mearns (1879), Merrill (1888), and Bendire (1895 a), all 

 from Fort Klamath, apply to this subspecies, the Southern Red-breasted 

 Sapsucker, which is more abundant about Fort Klamath and the adjoin- 

 ing section of the Cascades than any sapsucker elsewhere in Oregon. 

 Bendire found numerous nests and remarked at length on the abundance 

 of the species, a condition that remains unchanged to this time. We 



