V I R E O S : Family Vireonidae [ 493 ] 



under parts clear white, washed with yellow and olive on sides and flanks. Young 

 in first winter: dull grayish brown above, dull bufFy below. Length: 5.00-5.60, wing 

 z. 85-3. oo, tail 2.. 10-2.. 30, bill from nostril .2.8-. 31, tarsus .70-. 78." (Bailey) Nest: 

 Like that of the Red-eyed Vireo, but often decorated with bits of white cocoon or 

 fragments of a hornet's nest and hung low in bushes or trees (Plate 84, A). Eggs: 

 4 or 5, white, spotted with reddish on big end. 



DISTRIBUTION. General: Breeds from central British Columbia, southwestern Al- 

 berta, Idaho, and Montana south through California and western Nevada to Lower 

 California. Winters in Mexico and Central America. In Oregon: Regular summer 

 resident and breeder. 



CASSIN'S VIREO is second in abundance among Oregon members of the 

 family. It is found in the smaller second growth and in brushy areas 

 either on the hillsides or along the stream bottoms. It is more deliberate 

 in both song and motion than its more abundant cousin, the Western 

 Warbling Vireo, and is often seen hopping about the inner branches of 

 a tree, its movements timed to somewhat the same cadence as its full- 

 throated song. Like so many of our more common birds, it was first 

 listed from the State from Fort Klamath, in Lieutenant Wittich's records 

 published by Mearns (1879). Many subsequent observers have listed it 

 from various localities, until now with our notes and the unpublished 

 records of other Biological Survey workers it is known from every section 

 of the State. It arrives in April (earliest date, April 13, Jackson County) 

 and remains until September (latest date, September 2.1, Lake County). 

 It breeds commonly and builds its dainty nest low in bushes or trees. 

 Eggs have been found from May 10 to June 2.8. 



Red-eyed Vireo: 



Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus) 



DESCRIPTION. "Adults: Top of head gray, conspicuously bordered by white superciliary and 

 narrow black line; blackish line through eye; rest of upper parts olive green; wings 

 without bands or spurious primary; under parts clear white. Young: similar, but 

 back brownish ash; sides washed with brown. Length: 5.50-6.50, wing about 3.10- 

 3.30, tail 1.15-1.30, exposed culmen, .50-. 5 5." (Bailey) Nest: A beautiful cup, 

 woven of strips of bark, vegetable fibers, and wool, and hung in a forked twig, 

 usually close to the ground. Eggs: 3 to 5, sparingly dotted with brown, chiefly 

 around larger end. 



DISTRIBUTION. General: Breeds from central British Columbia, western Mackenzie, 

 Manitoba, Ontario, and Cape Breton Island south to northern Oregon, Idaho, Mon- 

 tana, Wyoming, Texas, Alabama, and central Florida. Winters in South America. 

 In Oregon: Summer resident and breeding species of northern edge of State in Wallowa, 

 Baker, and Umatilla Counties and westward along the Columbia at least to Sauvies 

 Island. 



THE HISTORY of the Red-eyed Vireo in Oregon is most interesting. The 

 first knowledge that it was to be found within the State limits goes back 

 to 1897 when Vernon Bailey, who was entirely familiar with the species, 

 saw one in Klamath County but failed to collect the bird. So far as we 



