388 BOTANICAL GAZETTE 



[NOVEMBER 



A , B, and C. These specimens were growing in a strip of woodland 

 about one mile north of the university campus. Conditions of 

 soil and light appeared to be good in every case, that is, to all 

 appearances the trees were not retarded. 



Tree A was a magnificent specimen about 25 m. high; in other 

 words, it had practically reached its maximum size. The trunk 

 was slightly shaded to a height of 4 . 5 m. by an undergrowth com- 

 posed of white pine. There were no branches above for 18 m. 

 until the crown began. The latter was but fairly developed, being 

 about what one might expect under forest conditions. At breast 

 height, the caliper measure was 50 cm. A conservative estimate 

 of the age would be 100 years. 



Tree B was a younger individual. Its height was approximately 

 20 m., and crown development had progressed but poorly. At 

 breast height the caliper measure was 26 cm. The base was 

 entirely free of undergrowth, and light conditions were better inas- 

 much as there were no close neighbors. Tree B then differed from 

 tree A in (a) age, (b) light conditions, (c) crown development, 

 (d) height, and (e) diameter. 



Tree C was about the age of those in the nursery, namely 20-25 

 years, and rose to a height of 7 m. Branches were borne practically 

 to the ground. The caliper measure was n cm. Illumination was 

 better on the south side, due to the close proximity of a road, while 

 on the north the underbrush encroached slightly. 



Methods 



Investigations began in the spring of 1909, and the last cutting 

 that year was made on July 6. Alternate cuttings were taken from 

 two different individuals at intervals about a week apart, so that 

 two weeks elapsed between incisions on any one tree. These were 

 made in the following manner. Beginning from the base of the 

 apical shoot, portions of the cortex and wood to a depth of at least 

 one annual ring were removed at intervals of about 50 cm. Twelve 

 cuttings were made in this manner with the aid of a sharp pocket- 

 knife, care being taken not to rupture the cambium. Each cutting 

 was placed in a separate vial, properly labeled with the date, num- 



