VOLUME XXXVI NUMBER 6 



BOTANICAL GAZETTE 



DECEMBER, 1903 



ON THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND ECOLOGI- 

 CAL RELATIONS OF THE BOG PLANT SOCIETIES 

 OF NORTHERN NORTH AMERICA. 



EDGAR N. TRANSEAU. 

 (WITH THREE MAPS) 



BY the term "bog-plant societies," as used in this paper is 

 meant that group of plant societies which is commonly found 

 inhabiting undrained depressions and marshy grounds in the 

 northern United States and Canada. In the northern states they 

 have become noted for their possession of such anomalous plants 

 as the sundew, pitcher-plant, tamarack, and cranberry. Although 

 not so well known, the cassandra, rosemary, and Labrador tea 

 are quite as interesting. 



"DRAINED SWAMP" AND " UNDRAINED SWAMP " SOCIETIES. 



There have been a number of descriptions of these bogs pub- 

 lished in connection with local ecological studies, and in several 

 instances have comparisons been made between them and the 

 other swamps of the region. They are referred to as "undrained 

 swamps," in contrast with the groups of "drained swamp" soci- 

 eties which may be found on adjoining low grounds and along 

 stream courses. The latter group may be briefly summarized 

 by noting that in the region under discussion it is commonly 

 made up of such plants as Typha latifolia 1 , Scirpus lacustris, 

 Juncus effusus, Carex riparia, Polygonum emersum, P. sagittatum, 

 Cephalanthus occidentalis, Cornus stolonifera, C. candidissima, 



Nomenclature of Britton's Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Can- 

 ada, 1901. 



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