J. M. Macfarlane. 



Sarraceniaceae. 



plants, the other types — a and c — appearing later as reduced and modified deri- 

 vatives from it. The writer has examined hundreds of seedlings of all the species, but 

 has found no exception to the above rule. These types will now be described in the 

 order above given. 



The petiolar scale leaves (a) originate round the growing apex of the rhizome 

 during the summer that precedes the winter through which they function. They vary 

 in number from two or three in S. purpurea (Fig. 4), to 9 — <2 in S. psittacina (Fig. 3 a). 

 Each consists of a broad sheathing base, whose median area is the expanded petiolar 

 rib, and whose margins are the basal parts of petiolar wings. The midrib is prolonged 

 upward for 2 — 4 cm as a tapered cylindrical process, and along its ventral face the 

 basal wings gradually come together, fuse, and taper into a fine line some distance 

 beneath the apex of the rib. As will 

 be fully explained later each scale 

 bears numerous honey glands, which 

 are to be regarded as ancestral 

 remnants of those that functioned 

 when the scales were pitchered lea- 

 ves. The pitchered leaves (b) show 

 great diversity of form according to 

 the species. In the description of 

 seedling growth it has been stated 

 that all of the species first produce 

 6 — 8 leaves of increasingly larger 

 size, but that closely resemble adult 

 leaves of S. minor, which for many 

 reasons is to be regarded as the pri- 

 mitive species of the genus. Each 

 seedling leaf consists of a cylindri- 

 cal petiole that widens below, and 

 sheaths round the plumule or 

 epicotyl. The expanded margins or 

 wings of the sheath become con- 

 fluent and continuous upward as a 

 delicate line or ridge along the 

 ventral face of the petiole and 

 of the hollowed-out laminar midrib 

 above. As compared with Heliam- 

 phora therefore, the midrib portion 

 of the lamina has specially enlarged 

 at the expense of the laminar wings, 

 which are fused and reduced to a 

 ventral line or ridge. This conclu- 

 sion is verified, alike by comparison 



of seedling with adult leaves, and of 



Ä G 



Fig. 2. Heliamphora nutans Benth. A Entire Plant. 

 B Androecium. C Stamen. D Pistil. E Transverse 

 section of the ovary. F Seed, with the testa. O Ver- 

 tical section of the seed. H Embryo. (Cop. from 

 Engler-Prantl, Pflzfam. III. 2, p. 252 fig. -1 51.) 



these with leaves of Heliamphora 

 and Darlingtonia. The dorsal ex- 

 tremity of the midrib in the seedling 



leaf widens out, arches upward and forward to form a concave lid that almost 

 Covers the orifice, as in adult leaves of S. minor. But from the radiating distri- 

 bution of veins into the lateral margins of the lid, and comparison of this with 

 adult lids, the writer concludes that these expanded margins of the lid represent ex- 

 pansions of the lamina, which have become separated from the reduced lamina that 



appears as a line along the ventral face of the pitchered midrib. 

 furnished below. 



Additional proof is 



