J. M. Macfarlanc. — Sarraceniaceae. 9 



pitchered leaves of S. Drummondii, and is the only autumnal — or more strictly summer 

 — set in S. flava. Each is composed of the lower sheathing petiolar and of the upper 

 cylindrical petiolar parts below, that are prolonged upward into a shortened laminar 

 midrib and laminar Aap or wing, the upper and larger pitchered portion having failed 

 to develop. That such is the correct explanation is proved, as Goebel has suggested 

 (Pfl. Schild. II. \. 73.), by the occurrence of transition types between laminar phyllodia 

 and pitchered leaves. Further one can nearly always note, in front of the acuminate 

 apex of the former in S. flava, a slight elliptic depression, that is a faint rudiment 

 of the arrested pitcher. 



The structural demarcation into areas of the outer and inner surfaces of pitchered 

 leaves, as well as the relation to each other of the zones that excrete nectar, both 

 visible to the naked eye, can best be explained and understood after study of the 

 anatomical structure of the leaves. 



In Darlingtonia the seedling and the reduced leaves conform to those of Heliam- 

 phora, except that the petiolar sheath is alone developed, while the continuations upward 

 of its wings have here fused to form a delicate line or ridge, that runs along the 

 ventral part of the pitchered midrib. Such leaves then conform closely to those of 

 Sarracenia above described. Further the midrib vein of the pitcher apex is prolonged 

 into a fine process, that represents the midrib of the ßarracenia iid (Fig. 9). The 

 lid of the seedling in this genus is thus more simplified than are those of Heliamphora 

 or Sarracenia. The adult leaf forms an ample membranous petiolar sheath that 

 encircles the rhizome. The wings of this are prolonged upward as membranous lamellae, 

 that diverge from each other and from the midrib, that is hollowed almost to its point 

 of insertion into the rhizome. The petiolar wings then fuse gradually to form the 

 ventral laminar wing, that is slightly developed below, but widens upward to near 

 the pitcher margin, into which it merges. The terminal circumoral part in this genus 

 is more complicated than in the other two, and is only approached by that of S. psitta- 

 cina. The upper posterior or dorsal, and the dorso-lateral parts of the pitchered 

 midrib, are prolonged into a cucullate hood or Chamber, while the anterior or ventral 

 part remains arrested. The orifice of the pitcher is thus rotated through an angle 

 of \ 80°, and faces downward, instead of upward. An expanded bilobed process grows 

 downward from the incurved anterior extremity of the hood. The writer regards this 

 as the homologue of the lid in Heliamphora and Sarracenia, alike from its relation 

 to the pitcher extremity, from its double radiating vascular system, and from its 

 development of glands and hairs. The lid therefore depends in this genus, instead of 

 being directed upwards as in the other genera , and this owing to alteration in direction 

 and relation of the mouth. While the pitcher margin is more or less expanded or 

 reflexed in Heliamphora and Sarracenia, it undergoes considerable involution in Dar- 

 lingtonia. A conspicuous feature of the hood here is the series of transparent or 

 translucent areolae, that are scattered over it; and whose structure is described later 

 (p. 14). They agree with those of S. minor, S. Drummondii and S. psittacina. 

 In this genus scale leaves seem only to be formed on the elongated side branches. 

 Each is an ovate membranous sheath that surrounds the branch in amplexicaul manner. 



Anatomy (Anatomische Verhältnisse). The developing seedling root, and the 



subsequently formed adventitious roots in Sarracenia are pentarch to hexarch. Each 

 shows a shallow epidermis with thin cuticle. The young epidermal cells with increasing 

 age gradually assume a yellow-brown hue , from pigment substances contained in the 

 cell cavities. A hypodermal cortex of three, rarely as in S. purpurea of two, layers 

 early develops in the form of rather large cells with lignified walls, the outermost 

 layer being largest and most lignified. The medio- and endo-cortex consist of loose 

 cells that enclose a circle of large irregulär intercellular Spaces formed on the outer 

 side of the endocortex. All of these cells early begin to störe ovate to obovate starch 

 grains that are embedded in fmely granulär protein substance. Starch is also contained 



