J. M. Macfarlane. — Sarraceniaceae. 



21 



of S. minor suggests a faint lemon scent, that of S. Sledgei resembles a fine lemon- 

 violet combination, that of S. flava is very powerful in the evening and suggests the 

 odor of Turkev Rhubarb. Dui'ing the flowering period in April, the writer has observed 

 a considerable variety of insects in the umbrelloid style cavities of 8. flava. But bees 

 during day abundantly search out the flowers, and effect pollination extensively. The 

 remaining four species, that have more or less crimson flowers, exhale an agreeable 

 odor suggestive of violets. The most strongly scented is S. rubra, that almost rivals 

 sweet violets in intensity. Small bees are usual visitors to it. 



The anthers begin to dehisce as the flowers are opening. The pollen in dry state, 

 or mixed with nectar, gets abundantly scattered within two days at most over the 

 umbrelloid style-floor. The blooms usually remain fresh for 12 — 19 days, if not visited 

 earlier by insects. A bee alighting on the honied sepals, or on the depending petals, 

 moves up to the space between two adjacent petals. To do this readily it must step 

 first on one of the projecting arms of the umbrella (Fig. 8), and guided by the hairs 

 often present there, it must creep round the tip of the style arm, at or near the 

 stigmatic knob, so as in many cases to touch it. A bee that has already visited a 

 flower, thus brings nectar- soaked pollen to the stigmatic knob. Then passing into the 

 umbrelloid cavity it again revels amid the nectar- pollen, and becomes again smeared. 

 But in leaving the flower, it most readily escapes by slightly lifting an incurved petal 

 along one side, at the junction of the basal and terminal segments. Cross pollination 

 in this genus seems to be essential, since thousands of blooms matured in the Sarra- 

 cenia house of the Botanic Garden at the University of Pennsylvania, have never set 

 seed, while others that were cross-pollinated in the same species or between different 

 species, never failed to mature abundant and good seeds. 



Hybridization (Bastardbildung.) The genus Sarracenia is of exceptional interest 

 from the standpoint of hybridization. Under cultivation many hybrids have been 

 secured, since Dr. Moore of Glasnevin exhibited 

 the first artificial hybrid at Florence in 1874, 

 up to the present day, when the market is 

 stocked with them. In 1888 — 89 the writer 

 made a histological study of some of these 

 (Annais of Botany VII. [1893] 447), and since 

 that time he has had many opportunities for 

 studying the plants in their native haunts. The 

 first natural hybrids observed by him were 

 two plants of S. flava crossed by S. purpurea, 

 gathered near the Shell-road, Wilmington N. 

 G. in 1894. Both grew in close proximity to Fig g Sarracenia purpurea L. Schematic 

 each other and to the parent species, and section of the flower, in ordcr to show the 

 resembled the artificial hybrid of like parentage fertilization by insects ; b bracts, c sepals, 

 eultivated as S. Stevensii. Round Ponce de p petals , st expanded part of the style, 

 Leon, Fl a . in 1905 he observed 1 17 plants of x stigmatic knob. — The dotted lines in- 

 the same hybrid during one day's botanizing. dicate the path of an insect through the 

 A recent opportunity for study of the speeimen flower - ( Co P- from Engler-Prantl, Pflzfam. 

 from Gharleston Museum, that was described ffl - 2 ' P- 230 %• /|50 -) 



by Elliott as S. Catesbaei, clearly proved it 



to have been the same hybrid. From an investigation of the locality where Macbride 

 obtained it, the writer can well believe that it may be common throughout the Chester- 

 field region of S. Carolina. In 1903 he gathered plants of S. flava X S. minor near 

 Summerville S. G., and the same hybrid is recorded by Harper from Bulloch and Goffee 

 Gounties, G a . Harper also coll'ected considerable material of S. Drummondii X S. flava 

 (or doubtfully S. rubra) in Georgia (Bull. Torr. Bot. Club XXX. [1903] 334). He 

 supposed these might be Elliott 's S. Catesbaei, and as such he in part distributed 



