J. M. Macfarlane. — Sarraceniaceae. 23 



not to be long. Its red-veined pitcher-leaves, its delicate white flowers raised high on 

 red-tinted stems, its sturdy habit of growth, make-it a prettj picture wherever it grows. 

 But it attains its füll size and best development not down here in this swamp, but 

 upon the ledges on the cliff of Roraima, and even on the top". In all details of 

 structure it shows marked affmities with Sarracenia and Darlingtonia on one hand, 

 and with Nepenthes on the other. From the geological conformation of the extensive 

 surrounding territory and our slight knowledge of it, the plant may yet be found on 

 some of the "Eppellings" or abrupt mountains between Roraima and the Rio Negro. 



Darlingtonia californica extends from Plumas County, in the Sierras of California, 

 northward for 350 km into Josephine and Jackson counties, Oregon. But its most 

 abundant centre, according to Howell, is in the coastal mountains round the 42 nd degree 

 of latitude in Northern California and S. W. Oregon, where it may grow at an elevation 

 of 1250—1800 m. 



Sarracenia is wholly confined to the Eastern States of North America, except 

 S. purpurea that is of wider ränge. Accepting it that the genus was distribuled from 

 the eastern Gulf State region, the most primitive species S. minor extends from Mid 

 Florida northward over the low flat sandy pine lands of Georgia into S. Carolina and 

 the borders of N. Carolina. S. Sledgei has been traced by the writer from the low 

 alluvial lands of S. E. Texas across Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama to the Alabama 

 river. It extends inland for at least 200 km in Alabama according to Harper. 

 S. Drummondii and S. psittacina are confined to a nearly circular area that extends 

 from Alabama to N. W. Florida and Georgia. In the latter state they pass inland for 

 about 170 — 200 km. S. flava and S. rubra exteiid from the Alabama river and Gulf 

 Coast eastward to N. Florida, and northward along the Carolina coast to the southern 

 part of Virginia. S. rubra ascends among the N. Carolina mountains to about 700 m. 

 ■S. purpurea has an extensive ränge that is equalled by few N. American plants. 

 Common from Louisiana eastward to north-central Florida, it Stretches northward east 

 of the Appalachian ränge for 3500 km to Labrador and Newfoundland. North of the 

 Alleghanies it extends its western ränge for about 3000 km to W. Minnesota and 

 W. Central Canada. Its flowering period in Florida is the first week in April, round 

 Wilmington N. C. the third week in April, in New Jersey the third week in May, in 

 northern N. York and Minnesota the third week in June, in Maine the second week in 

 July, in Newfoundland the first and in Labrador the second week in August. 



The above distribution of the group would suggest that the focus of origin was 

 located in the eastern Gulf State region, or in N. E. South America, and that originally 

 widely distributed over the North American continent the species have now become 

 segregated into species-areas, of which the most extensive is that now occupied by 

 S. purpurea. 



Systematic Relations (Verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen). Breyn described 

 the two species of Sarracenia known in his day under the generic name Nepenthes, 

 that included also the eastern pitcher-plants. Such Classification may have been founded 

 on rather loose morphological grounds, but marked a great advance on the views of 

 his predecessors. Most botanists, since the time of Linnaeus, have placed this group 

 near the Papaveraceae and Nymphaeacßae. The supposed structural relation of the 

 leaves to peltate leaves of some Nymphaeaceae is, we believe, a mistaken one. Eng ler 

 first clearly pointed out the close affinity of Sarraceniaceae and Nepenthaceae. This 

 was further emphasized by the writer, who inclines to unite the two into a single 

 alliance made up of four genera. The points of exact morphological agreement are 

 many, the differences are few, and are in part bridged over by the genus Heliam- 

 phora. The Sarraceniaceae and Nepenthaceae should therefore be regarded as of 

 dosest affinity. Little importance need be attached to the physiological relations of 

 the leaves in Sarraceniaceae and Droseraceae, but apart from such the floral morpho- 

 logy of the two Orders would bring them near each other. All of these Orders show 



