IV ANATIDAE 1 ? 3 



winter ; the note, often syllabled " honk-honk," is at times almost 

 a cackle, whence the flocks or "skeins" are called "gaggles." 

 The nest, placed in herbage or heather, is of grass, moss, twigs, or 

 aquatic plants, and contains five or more whitish eo-as 



Chen liyinrloreus, the " Wavy " of :NTorth-East Asia and North- 

 West America, with its larger Eastern American race, C. nivalis, and 

 C. rossi of Arctic America which wander south in winter, while 

 the first bus occurred in Britain and North Europe are white, 

 with black primaries, purplish-red bills and feet ; C. rossi having 

 a warty base to the maxilla. C. caerulescens, of eastern North 

 America, is grey-brown, with white head, bluish rump and wing- 

 coverts. The food consists of rushes, insects, and berries. 



Sal)-fam. 8. Cereopsi7iae. Cereopsis novae hoUandiae, the 

 Cape Barren Goose of South-East Australia and Tasmania, is grey- 

 brown, with large yellow cere, chiefly reddish-orange feet; black 

 toes and l^eak. More terrestrial than its nearest kin, it lays similar 

 eggs. The very large extinct Cnemiornis, of the superficial deposits 

 of New Zealand, was a close ally, with aborted keel to the sternum 

 and short wings useless for flight. 



Sub-fam. 9. Plectropterinae. Aex sponsa} the Summer Duck 

 of North America and Cuba, accidental in Jamaica and the 

 Bermudas, has the upper parts mainly glossy green, with purple 

 cheeks, black neck-patches, and white stripes on the face and 

 neck ; the breast is chestnut with white spots, the throat and belly 

 are white, the wing-coverts partly blue, the flanks brown, black, 

 and white ; the bill is black, white, yellow, purplish, and scarlet ; 

 the feet are yellow. It has a long occipital crest. The female is 

 grey -brown with metallic gloss, a white throat and eye -space, 

 plumbeous and black bill, and brownish feet. This inland species 

 feeds on insects, seeds, leaves, and acorns, and lays buff eggs in 

 holes in trees. Aex galericulata, the Mandarin Duck of East 

 Asia, is somewhat similar, but has a neck-ruff of narrow chestnut 

 feathers streaked with whitish, a chestnut and black " fan " formed 

 by the decurved innermost secondary, a copper, purple, and green 

 crest, and a red-brown bill. The female is brown, grey, and white. 



Nettopus pulchellus, of Australia, New Guinea, and the 



Moluccas, has the upper parts and neck-collar dark green, the 



head browner, the remiges and rectrices black with a white 



wing-bar, the cheeks and lower parts white, the sides marked with 



^ I can hardly agree with Count Salvador! in placing Aex here. 



