CHARADRIIDAE 2/5 



cephalus of North-East Africa, Z. su/perciliosus, extending from West 

 Africa to Lake Tanganyika, and the crested Z. (Sarcioj^horus) 

 tectus, found from Senegal to East Equatorial Africa and Arabia, 

 have small loral wattles ; Z. (Zohipluvia) malabaricus of India, 

 Ceylon, and Burma, Z. miles, reaching from Timor Laut to New 

 Guinea and Australia, Z. cucullatus of Sumatra, Java, and Timor, 

 Z. lohatus of Australia, accidental in New Zealand, Z. lateralis 

 of the southern, and Z. senegalensis of the northern Ethiopian 

 Eegion, with Z. albiceps of "West Africa and the Upper Congo, 

 have large wattles, and, except the first, a wing-spur. Z. lohatus 

 is olive-brown above, with black crown, nape, and wings; the cheeks, 

 tail-coverts, and lower parts are white; the tail is white with black 

 tip ; the bill, wattles, and spurs are yellow, the feet purplish-red. 



Vanellus comprises the true Lapwings; it is a closely allied genus 

 to the last, and varies as to the possession of a hind-toe. V. cristatus, 

 the English Peewit or Green Plover, has the upper parts and motile 

 crest bottle-green, with a purple and copper gloss ; the throat and 

 upper breast black ; the cheeks, sides of the neck, base of tail, and 

 under surface white ; the upper and lower tail-coverts bay. Tlie 

 slow flapping flight and shrill cry are as familiar to us as are the 

 cock's aerial evolutions, and the habit of tumbling on the ground 

 with an apparently broken wing to decoy intruders from the brood. 

 This species frequents alike cultivated ground, marshes, and wastes, 

 depositing its four olive eggs with black markings in a scraping in 

 the soil lined with a little dry herbage ; towards autumn it feeds 

 in large flocks upon the shore, being semi-crepuscular, as might 

 be expected from the large eyes. Breeding in most of Europe, 

 jSTorthern Asia, and even North Africa, it strays to Greenland and 

 Jan Mayen, occurs plentifully in Japan, and at times in Alaska, 

 and migrates as far south as Barbados, North India, and China. 

 The somewhat similar Teru-teru ( V. cayennensis)} with long crest 

 and large blunt yellow spur, occupies the east, and the larger V. 

 chilensis the west and south of South America ; V. resplendens 

 inhabits the Andes of North Chili, Peru, and Ecuador ; V. coronatus 

 South and East Africa ; V. mclanopterus, the latter and Arabia ; 

 V. inornatas AVest and South-East Africa. The long legged Cliet- 

 tusia gregaria, which, like the next genus, possesses a hallux, has 

 occurred in Britain and South -West Europe, but breeds from 

 South-East Europe to Lake Saisan, and migrates to North-East 



^ For this biixl's "dances," see Hudson, Argentine Ornithology, ii. p. 167. 



