140 CUSCUS AND TRUE PHALANGERS CHAP. 
caecum extraordinarily long; stomach with a cardiac gland ; liver 
complicated by additional furrows, without a free caudate lobe ; 
no azygos lobe to lungs; vaginal culs-de-sac free. 
The third sub-family, PHASCOLOMYINAE, contrasts with the 
others as follows :—Tail rudimentary ; cheek-pouches present, but 
rudimentary ; one incisor on each side above, but no additional 
premolars; all the teeth rootless; caecum not peculiar in shape ; 
stomach with a cardiac gland; liver complicated by secondary 
furrows, without a free caudate lobe; lung with an azygos lobe; 
vaginal culs-de-sac free. 
The last sub-family, TARSIPEDINAE, is thus defined :—Tail 
long; tongue extensile; only one premolar; molars reduced: 
caecum absent. 
Sub-Fam. 1. Phalangerinae—The genus Phalanger embraces 
five species, sometimes called by the generic name of Cuscus. They 
Fic. 69.—Vulpine Phalanger. Trichosurus vulpecula. x %. 
are largish animals with short ears; only the end of the tail 
is naked. Of these animals only one species is found in Australia 
itself, the rest inhabiting the islands lying to the north. The 
Spotted Cuscus, Ph. maculatus, is in spite of its vegetarian diet, 
and perhaps on account of its spots, spoken of as the “Tiger 
Cat.” Mr. Aflalo remarks of it that though provided with a 
prehensile tail, it is little better as a climber than the tailless 
Koala. 
Trichosurus, including the “ True Phalangers,” includes largish 
species, which can be distinguished from the last genus by a 
chest-gland similar to that which occurs in Myrmecobius and 
some other Marsupials of the present group. There are but 
two species, which are purely Australian. The “ Brush-tailed 
Opossuin,” 7 vulpecula (perhaps better known as Phalangista 
