VIII BRAIN OF EDENTATES 165 
A subsequent study of the brain and of the muscles of these 
animals has led to results not entirely in harmony with these 
views. 
Dr. Elliot Smith is of opinion,’ after an exhaustive study of 
the Edentate brain, that in this region of the body the present 
group shows very decided points of likeness to the Carnivora ; 
that is, so far as concerns the Anteaters. On the other hand, 
Orycteropus is as distinctly comparable with a primitive Ungulate 
type, such as 1s exemplified by Moschus. “If the brain otf 
Orycteropus,’ he remarks, “were given to an anatomist 
acquainted with all the other variations of the mammalhan 
type of brain, there is probably only one feature which would 
lead him to hesitate in describing it as an exceedingly simple 
Ungulate brain. That one feature is the high degree of. 
macrosmatism.” Manis, on the other hand, does not come especially 
near to Orycteropus. The brain of Manis conforms to a simple 
type of architecture, which agrees in many points with both those 
of Orycteropus and the American Edentates; there is not sufficient 
evidence to show which type it really favours.” Elliot Smith 
would, in fact,‘agree with Max Weber that it is better, if a 
division is to be made, to divide the group into three orders :— 
the »Xenarthra (Sloths, Anteaters, and Armadillos), Tubulidentata 
(Orycteropus), and Squamata (Manis), instead of into Xenarthra 
and Nomarthra. 
Messrs. Windle and Parsons® are disposed to see in muscular 
similarities reasons for uniting J/anis with the American Edentates, 
though they confess to being unable to place Orycteropus ; in 
this animal, they say, “we are more struck by the generalised 
mammalian arrangement of its muscles than by any special 
Edentate characters. There are, however, two muscles in Oryctero- 
pus which show peculiarities not found elsewhere than in the 
Edentates ” ;—the triceps, which has more than one scapular head, 
and the tibialis posticus, which is double. They conclude that 
Orycteropus “presents some feeble claims to be taken into the 
order.” 
We shall here adopt the following divisions. 
= 
Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) vii. 1898, p. 277. 
i.e. large olfactory lobes. 
3 Proc. Zool. Soc. 1899, p. 1014. 
