2@; DINOCERAS CHAP. 
probably resembled the bears more than any living animals, with 
the important exception that in their feet they were much like the 
elephant. To the general proportions of the bears must be added 
the tail of medium length. Whether they were covered with hair 
or not is of course uncertain. Of their nearest living alles, the 
elephants, some were hairy and others naked. . . . The movements 
of the Coryphodons doubtless resembled those of the elephant in its 
shuffling and ambling gait, and may have been even more awkward 
from the inflexibility of the ankle.” 
The most recent members of this sub-order come from the 
Middle Eocene beds, and are chiefly referable to the genus Dino- 
ceras, With which Zinoceras and Uintatherium are at least very 
nearly related, if not identical. These creatures were of great size, 
larger than the earlier types which have been considered. They 
show a certain superficial resemblance to the Titanotheridae, on 
account of the massive horn cores upon the skull. These horn 
cores are large upon the maxillae and the parietals, and are 
paired; on the nasals are smaller horns. The bones of the 
skull have air cavities. The incisors of the upper jaw are 
absent; the canines are enormous tusks, and the lower jaws 
are flanged downwards near the symphysis where these tusks 
border them. Contrary to what is found in the older types, 
where the position of the condyle of the lower jaw is normal, 
this prominence faces backwards in the Dinocerata. The same 
shortness of the spines of the dorsal vertebrae prevails in this 
group as in the other Amblypoda, though it is perhaps hardly 
so marked. The scapula has not the pecular acuminate form 
that exists in Coryphodon, but is triangular and broad above. 
The limbs are elephantine, in that the angle between the 
humerus and the femur respectively, and the bones which 
follow, is not marked. The hind-limbs are especially straight. 
The tail is short as compared with that of the primitive 
Amblypoda. The Dinocerata are purely digitigrade. The 
entepicondylar foramen has, as in the Coryphodonts, disappeared. 
The os centrale of the carpus has become fused, and no longer 
exists as a separate bone. The fibula no longer articulates 
with the caleaneum, but both that bone and the ulna are well 
developed. The genus <Astrapotheritum is placed among the 
Amblypoda by some authorities. 
' Gadow, A Classification of Vertebrata, Recent and Extinct, London, 1898. 
