Ix THE “ PANGOLIN GIGANTESQUE” aT 
Sup-Orper 3. ANCYLOPODA. 
The history of the discovery of the members of this order 
is very instructive as illustrating the dangers of laying too much 
classificatory importance upon detached fragments of animals. So 
long ago as 1825 terminal phalanges of a new creature were found 
in the Miocene of Eppelsheim, and sent to Cuvier. Cuvier named 
them “ Pangolin gigantesque,” deeming them, on account of their 
general form and cleft terminations, to pertain to the Edentata. 
In the same bed some seven years later were found certain teeth 
clearly of an Ungulate character, to which the generic name of 
Chalicotheriwum was apphed. It was subsequently discovered 
that the teeth and the claws belonged to the same animal, and, 
later, further remains turned up which disclosed a creature 
having the anomalous composition of an Ungulate with decisively 
Ungulate teeth, but with the feet to a large extent lke those of 
an unguiculate animal. The same confusion of characters occurs 
also, it will be remembered, in the distinctly Artiodactyle 
Agriochoerus (see p. 331). Indeed the feet of the latter when 
first discovered were erroneously, as it now appears, referred to 
the present order of Ungulates under the name of Artionyx. 
It is probable that the genus Moropus of North America is a 
member of this group, and that it is probably congeneric with a 
somewhat different type of Ancylopod known as JJacrotherium. 
It is also clear that Anisodon, Schizotherium, and Ancylothervum, 
if not congeneric with either of the two recognised genera, are 
at least very close to them. 
Chalicotherium has a skull which recalls that of some of the 
earlier Ungulates; it has, however, no incisors at all, and no 
canines in the upper jaw; this feature has led to the belief that 
the animal is related to the Edentata, and that it is in fact a link 
between them and the Ungulata. The molars, like those of the 
Perissodactyla, are of the buno-selenodont type. It also agrees 
with that group (to which it has been approximated by several 
writers) in the tridactyl manus and pes, and in the characters 
of the tarsus. But although tridactyl, the axis of the limb 
passes through the fourth digit. Chalicotherium is not mes- 
axonic, as are the Perissodactyles. Moreover, it has no third 
