246 THE QUAGGA CHAP. 
E. burchelli selousi, have been proposed for what are at most 
local races. But it is at present far from certain whether their 
distribution favours this subdivision. 
The Quagga was more striped than is sometimes represented in 
illustrations. According to Dr. Noack, from whose paper’ upon 
the animal I quote here, the transverse stripes reached back as far 
as the buttocks; they were, however, completely absent from the 
legs. The animal is, as every one knows, probably completely 
extinct. In the year 1856 it was still abundant; in 1864 the 
last specimen ever exhibited was received by the Zoological 
Society. Mr. W. L. Sclater thinks that it may have survived in 
the Orange River Colony as late as 1878, but admits that any 
certainty is difficult, as it was frequently confounded by the Boers 
with Burchell’s Zebra. Its rarity is emphasised by the fact that 
it is not mentioned in the recent work of that most skilful of 
hunters, Mr. F. Selous. Gaudry places the Quagga nearest of all 
living Equidae to the Hipparion gracile of Pikermi. 
Fossil Equidae.—The existing Equidae all belong to the 
genus Hquus, though there are some who would (quite unnecessarily ) 
divide off the Zebras as a genus Hippotigris. The genus Equus 
itself goes back in time to the Phocene, during which epoch there 
lived in India £#. sivalensis, the same species according to some 
with the £. stenonis of Europe. None of these species, Old World 
or New, are easily to be separated from £&. caballus. But many 
names have been given to them. It is of course perfectly con- 
ceivable that they may have differed among themselves as much 
as do the existing Zebras and Asses, the separation of which would 
be hardly possible did we know their bones only. There are, 
however, extinct genera, undoubtedly related so closely to Hgwus 
as to be placed in the same family, though clearly separable as 
genera.  Hipparion is one of these genera; its remains are known 
from Europe, Asia, and North Africa, from beds of Miocene and 
Phocene times. A large number of different species have been 
described. It was a beast of about the size of a Zebra. The 
principal characters are that each foot has three toes, of which, 
however, the two side ones are smaller than the central toe. 
There is a marked round fossa on the maxillary bone, a feature 
shared by the South American Onohippidium. The pattern of 
' “Das Quagga,” Zool. Garten, 1893, p. 289. 
* Of this Horse, remains have been lately discovered (see Lonnberg, Proc. Zool. 
