XI REINDEER AND MUSK DEER 299 
the autumn back again to the sea coast to browse upon the sea- 
weed. These migrating herds have been stated to be led by a 
large female. 
Fig. 157.—Reindeer. Rangifer tarandus. x +}. 
Sub-Fam. 2. Moschinae.—JMoschus moschiferus' is a native 
of the Asiatic Highlands. It is 3 feet or so high, perfectly 
hornless, and with very large canines in the male. it is note- 
worthy that in Hydropotes, where the canines are also very large, 
horns are absent. These are examples, perhaps, of correlation. 
The musk sac (whence the name) is present on the abdomen of 
the male only. There is no crumen or suborbital gland, which is 
so generally (though by no means universally) present in Cervidae. 
But the male has, in addition to the musk glands, glands near 
the tail and on the outside of the thigh. Unlike other Deer, 
the lachrymal bone of Moschus bears but one orifice. The 
feet, so far as concerns the preservation of the outer rudimentary 
1 Sir W. Flower ‘‘On the Structure and Affinities of the Musk Deer (Moschus 
moschiferus),”’ Proc. Zool. Soc. 1875, p. 159; Garrod, loc. cit. 1877, p. 287; and 
l. Jeffrey Bell, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1876, p. 182. 
