306 EXTINCT GIRAFFES CHAP. 
specialised animal than its forerunner of the Miocene. In the 
latter, the male alone carried horns, and in neither sex does 
the unpaired median bony excrescence appear. The remains of 
this genus (probably even the same species, S. boissieri) also occur 
in Persia. 
Helladotheriwm (there is but one species, H. duvernoyi) has 
its four limbs of nearly the same length; the skull of the only 
known example is hornless; the neck is shorter than in Girajja. 
It is known from the Miocene deposits of Pikermi in Greece. 
Palaeotragus 1s a genus which is not referred to the Giraffidae 
by all systematists. Its very name, given to it by the eminent 
French palaeontologist M. Gaudry, indicates his opinion as to its 
Antelopine affinities. The chief and indeed (according to Forsyth 
Major’) the only reason for placing this Ruminant with the Ante- 
lopes is the large size of the horns. They undoubtedly suggest 
the horn cores of Antelopes. But they are placed wider apart than 
in those animals. It is thought that the hornless Camelopardalis 
parva is the female of this species, which is from Pikermi. 
Rather more different from Giraffu is the extinct genus 
Sivathervum, from the Siwalik deposits of India. Here again 
there has been some discussion as to its affinities. Some place 
it in the neighbourhood of Antilocapra, but most palaeontologists 
now regard it as a Giraffe. The main peculiarity of this large 
beast was the existence of two pairs of horn cores; the larger are 
upon the parietal bones, and are of a palmated form, with a few 
short tines, which are highly suggestive of those of the Elk 
(Alces). The shorter anterior pair are upon the frontal bones. 
The neck is short, the limbs of equal length, and there are no 
additional toes upon the hmbs.  Sivatherium was almost as large 
as an Elephant, and in restorations it is depicted as having a 
fleshy dilated nose like the Saiga Antelope; this view is based 
upon the position and size of the nasal bones. Hornless skulls 
have been identified as the female of Sivatheriwm. 
Vishnuthervum, Hydraspotherium, and Bramatherium are 
allied genera. 
Fam. 8. Antilocapridae.—This family contains but one genus 
and species, the N. American “ Pronghorn,” Antilocapra americana. 
This animal deserves a family to itself on account of the singular 
structure of the horns, which are intermediate in character 
1 Forsyth Major, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1891, p. 315. 
