xu BEAKED WHALES 367 
fourteen; the scapula has not the concave face that it has in 
Physeter. The functional teeth of the lower jaw seem to be 
reinforced by two on each side of the upper jaw. Moreover, the 
articulation of the ribs with the vertebrae does not show the 
very anomalous state of affairs that characterises Physeter, where 
the two heads of a rib may be upon one vertebra. 
While there is no doubt as to the generic distinctness of 
Kogia, there is again the same difliculty that is met with 
throughout the whole of the order in settling into how many 
species the genus requires dividing. 
We can dismiss, as unnecessary, additional generic names 
(EBuphiysetes, Callignathus), but there do appear to be reasons for 
allowing two species, if the accounts of their osteology are to he 
depended upon. One of these is AY breviceps, with thirteen pairs 
of ribs, no teeth in the upper jaw, fourteen or fifteen on each side 
of the lower jaw, vertebral formula C 7, D 13, L 9, Ca 25, and 
phalangeal formula I 2, II 8, III 8, IV 8, V 7. 
The other will then be A. stmws, with fourteen pairs of ribs, 
two teeth in the upper jaw, nine in each ramus of the lower jaw, 
vertebral formula C 7, D 14, L 5, Ca 24, and phalangeal formula 
L 2311-5, TIl.4, IV 4, V2. 
A Californian species has been called AY jlowert, whose teeth 
seem to be particularly long and recurved. And the New Zealand 
K. pottst has been held to be also a distinct form. There seems 
to be nothing of special interest to record about the way of life 
of these Cetaceans, which are but imperfectly known. 
Sub-Fam. 2. Ziphiinae—Teeth in the lower jaw not more 
than two on each side. <A distinct lachrymal bone. Stomach 
with very numerous compartments. 
These Whales are all of moderate size, not exceeding 30 feet 
or so in length. They have a falcate dorsal fin rather near the 
end of the body; the muzzle is prolonged, hence the name often 
given to them of “ Beaked Whales.” The throat is grooved; the 
blow-hole is single and median, crescentic in form, with the 
concavity pointing forwards. A character possibly differentiat- 
ing the Ziphioids from other Whales is the fact that the body 
ends in a rounded projection between the flukes of the tail. 
This has at any rate been noted in WMesoplodon, Ziphius, and 
Hyperoodon. The Ziphioid Whales are by no means common ; 
indeed of Berardius but four or five specimens have ever been 
