424 THE BEAR TRIBE CHAP. 
many Bear-lke features in its organisation. The feet, for instance, 
were plantigrade and five-toed. The ulna and the radius are 
specially compared with the same bones in the Bear tribe. The 
skull on the other hand is as distinctly Dog-like in form. The 
molars are large, broad, and crushing, and Bear-like. The largest 
known species, A. giganteus, 1s of about the size of the Brown 
Bear. Amphicyon is a Miocene genus. Eocene and allied to 
it is Pseudamphicyon. This genus has, like Amphicyon, the 
complete dentition of forty-four teeth. In the Amphicyoninae 
generally the feet are five-toed, the humerus has an entepi- 
condylar foramen and the femur a third trochanter. The upper 
molars are large. 
The closely allied and American genus Daphaenus has also 
plantigrade feet, and has in its structure many reminiscences of 
the Creodonts. So, too, has the Eocene Uintacyon. 
Cynodesmus is Closely allied to Cynodictis. It has ancient 
features combined with quite modern ones. The skull is 
described as being Creodont-like, but the dentition is that of the 
microdont modern Dogs. In accordance with its age the cerebral 
conyolutions of this Dog are much simpler than in existingDogs, 
and the hemispheres do not cover the cerebellum so much. 
The Bear-like Carnivora or Arctoidea.—That division of 
the Carnivora which is typically represented by the Bears em- 
braces three recent families, which are united by a number of 
characters. These Carnivora are always plantigrade or nearly so. 
They have nearly always five toes. The claws are not retractile, 
or at most semi-retractile as in the Panda. In the skull the 
tympanic bulla is often depressed, and is not so globular and 
obvious as in the Cats. Its cavity is not divided by a septum. 
The paroccipital processes are not applied to it. The carnassial 
tooth is less emphasised in this group than in the Cats. 
These characters, however, have to be used with caution, as 
they are hardly universally applicable. A fairly typical Arctoid 
bulla is seen im such a form as Cercoleptes. The bulla itself is a 
little more swollen than in Ursus, but it is flattened off in the 
same way towards the bony meatus. The paroccipital processes, 
slightly developed, are at a distance of t-inch from the posterior 
margin of the bulla. In the Raccoon the bullae are much more 
swollen, and the paroccipital processes are closer to them. In 
the Marbled Polecat, Putorivs sarmaticus, the bullae are fairly 
