XVI THE GOLDEN MOLE Soles 
tion to a digging life is brought about in quite a different way 
from that of the true Moles (Za/pa). In the latter the fore- 
limbs are changed in position by the elongation of the manubrium 
sterni, carrying with it the clavicles, which are extraordinarily 
shortened (Fig. 251). In Chrysochloris, on the other hand, the 
same need (7.e. that the hmbs project as little as possible from the 
sides of the body, while the length of the limbs is retained, and the 
leverage of the muscles unaffected) is provided for by a hollowing 
Fre. 249.—Golden Mole. Chrysochloris trevelyant. A, Lower surface of fore-foot. 
x4. (After Giinther. ) 
out of the walls of the thorax, the ribs and the sternum being 
here convex inwards. The sternum and the clavicles are not 
modified. The tibia and fibula are ankylosed below. In the 
manus, moreover, there are but four digits, of which the two 
middle ones are greatly enlarged. In the Moles there are five 
fingers, and all are enlarged; there is, too,a great radial sesamoid 
bone, which is as good as a sixth finger (which, indeed, it is con- 
sidered to be,in common with similar structures in other animals, 
by some anatomists). The foot has only four toes. 
Fam. 7. Macroscelidae.'—This family contains three genera, 
all of them African in range, and mainly Ethiopian. 
Macroscelides, the Elephant Shrews, are jumpihg creatures of 
Shrew-like appearance, combined with a Marsupial look. Both 
radius and ulna, and tibia and fibula, are ankylosed. There 
1 See Peters, Reise nach Mosambique, 1852, for external characters and anatomy. 
