XVI SKELETON OF MOLE 517 
tributed as regards genera; a Mole just gets over the boundary 
into the Oriental region. The genus 7alpa is entirely Old World 
in range, and includes several species, of which the Common Mole, 
T. europaea, is the best known. There are forty teeth, one of 
the molars of the full mammalian dentition not being represented. 
In the milk dentition there is an additional premolar, not repre- 
4 
CP im 
yo 
563 
Fre. 251.—Sternum and sternal ribs of the Fic. 252.—Bones of fore-arm and 
Common Mole (Zalpa ewropaea), with the manus of Mole (Zalpa ewropaec). 
clavicles (c/) and humeri (H) ; M, Manu- x 2. C, Cuneiform; ce, centrale ; 
brium sterni. Nat. size. (From Flower’s 7, lunar; m, magnum ; 7», pisi- 
Osteology.) form; &, radius ; 7s, radial sesa- 
moid (falciform) ; s, scaphoid ; ¢d, 
trapezoid ; tm, trapezium; U, 
ulna; wu, unciform; J-V, the 
digits. (From Flower’s Osteology.) 
sented by a successor in the permanent dentition. The formula 
is thus 13 C+ Pm4 M38. There are no external ears, and the 
eyes are rudimentary ; the soft silky fur is familiar to everybody. 
The sternum has a strong crest, associated with a powerful 
development of the pectoral muscles, so necessary to a burrowing 
animal. The animal, it is hardly necessary to state, lives under- 
ground in burrows excavated by itself, which have not, it has 
been stated, the elaborate and, it appears, fanciful shape assigned 
to them by many writers. At times Moles appear above ground. 
