538 THE INDRI CHAP. 
and to some small neighbouring islands. The rest occur in the 
Ethiopian and in the Oriental region. The rest of the world is 
at present totally without Lemurs, though, as will be seen in the 
sequel, the order was more widely spread over the globe in past 
times. 
Fam. 1. Lemuridae.—This family can be usefully subdivided 
into four sub-families. 
Sub-Fam. 1. Indrisinae.—This sub-family is limited to Mada- 
gascar, and has been exhaustively treated of by M. Grandidier 
and Professor Milne-Edwards in the Histoire de Madagascar. 
These Lemurs contrast with others by the large size of the hind- 
as compared with the fore-limbs. The ears are short. The tail 
varies in length. The thumb is but slightly opposable, and the 
toes are webbed. Correlated with the first two of these 
characters, these Lemurs when upon the ground progress by 
means of the hind-limbs, holding their arms above their heads. 
The number of teeth is reduced, the total being thirty. The 
formula’ is 13 C} Pm3M3. The colon or large intestine, as 
figured by Milne-Edwards, has a remarkable watch-spring-like coil, 
highly suggestive of the Ruminants and of certain Rodents. This, 
however, is only in Propithecus and Avahis. The caecum in 
this sub-family is specially large. The brain is characterised by 
the comparatively slight development of the angular fissure in 
Propithecus and Avahis ; it is in them anterior in position. In 
Indris it is more S-shaped and larger as in Lemur. The 
parieto-occipital fissure is fairly well developed, so too is the 
antero-temporal. 
The genus /ndris has more pronounced external ears than 
have the two other genera of the sub-family. The tail is 
rudimentary. The incisors of the upper jaw are sub-equal and 
set close together, those of the lower jaw have marked longitudinal 
ridges upon the outer surface, which suggests Galeopithecus (see 
p. 520). The molars are quadricuspidate. There is but a single 
species, J. brevicaudata, which is of a black colour, diversified with 
white upon the rump and the limbs. The term “ Indri”” means, 
as does “ Aye-aye,” “look.” One of the native names for the 
1 So at least the formula has been given; but it is very possible that the 
supposed second incisor is really, judging from the other Lemurs, a canine. 
° The Malagasy, however, must be vague in definition, or their interpreters 
not well grounded in the rudiments of the language; for Sonnerat states that 
Indri signifies ‘‘ homme des bois.” 
