XVII HAPALEMUR 541 
The genus Hapalemur' has a shorter muzzle than Lemur, and 
shorter ears. There are two pairs of mammae instead of only 
one; these are upon the breast and abdomen. In the male there 
is a pair upon the shoulder. The incisors are small, sub-equal, 
and placed one behind the other; the last one is at the inside of 
the canines. The molars of the upper jaw and the last premolar 
have only three well-marked cusps; in the lower jaw they have 
four. The caecum is blunter and is not so long as in Lemur ; it 
differs from that of other Lemurinae in having only two support- 
ing mesenteries, which are both furnished with blood-vessels. As 
in Lepilemur and the Indrisinae the carpus has no os centrale. 
The genus, which is confined to the island of Madagascar, has 
two species, of which one, H. simus, is the larger and has a broader 
muzzle, and does not possess the pecuhar arm gland (Fig. 258) 
already described in 1. griseus. The former species is stated by Mr. 
Shaw to be chiefly a grass-eater, and to dislike berries and fruits, 
which are usually so popular with Lemurs. It is, however, believed 
by some that there is but one species of Hapalemur. H. griseus is 
15 inches long, and has a tail of the same length. Its native name 
is “Bokombouli.” It is nocturnal, and is especially addicted to 
bamboos, upon the shoots of which it feeds and among which it 
lives. It is often exhibited in the Zoological Society’s Gardens ; 
but the specimens seem to be always males. This Lemur is of a 
dark iron-grey colour with a tinge of yellow, more marked in 
individuals which have received the separate specific name of 
HT. olivaceus. . 
The genus Lemur is distinguished by the long tail, half as long 
as the body at the least, by the elongated face, and by the Fox- 
like muzzle ; the teeth are present to the full number of the family, 
viz. thirty-six ; the incisors are small and equal in size, and are 
separated from each other and from the canines by spaces. The 
molars of the upper jaw have five cusps, but there are only four 
in the lower jaw. 
This genus is entirely confined to Madagascar and the Comoro 
Islands, and consists of several species, the exact number of which 
is doubtful. Wallace in his Geographical Distribution allows 
fifteen; Dr. Forbes only eight, with a plentiful allowance of 
varieties. One of the best-known species is Lemur catta, the 
1 Beddard, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1884, p. 391, and 1891, p. 449; and Jentink, Notes 
Leyd. Mus. 1885, p. 38. 
