ALY LARGE EXTINCT LEMUR CHAP. 
A family, Megaladapididae, has been quite lately founded 
by Dr. Forsyth Major’ to include the remains of a gigantic 
extinct Lemur from Madagascar, which when alive, so far as we 
can judge from the skull, must have been three or four times the 
size of the Common Cat. The name Megaladapis madagascariensis 
was given to the fossil on account of certain resemblances to the 
also extinct Adapis. It differs from other Lemurs in a number 
of characters which jointly warrant its inclusion in a distinct 
family. The small size of the orbits suggest a diurnal life; the 
deep mandibles, which, unhke what is found in other Lemurs, 
are completely blended at the suture, point to the existence of a 
howling apparatus, as in Mycetes. The low brain-case is a 
character which is found in so many extinct Mammalia’ belonging 
to many different orders that it weighs neither one way nor 
the other in considering the systematic position of the animal. 
The shape of the molars, which are three in each half of each jaw 
as in other Lemurs, is, according to the discoverer, like that of 
the genus Lepilemur. The incisors and the canines are not 
known. Of a still larger form, JZ insignis, the molar teeth are 
known.” 
SuB-OrDER 2. ANTHROPOIDEA. 
The Apes differ from the Lemurs in that the teats are 
always restricted to the thoracic region; the orbit, though sur- 
rounded by bone as in the Lemurs (and in 7upaia, a very Lemur- 
like Insectivore), does not open freely behind into the temporal 
fossa as in Lemurs (except Zarsivs). The lachrymal opening is 
inside the orbit instead of outside; the cerebral hemispheres 
are more highly developed, and conceal, or nearly conceal, the 
cerebellum; the upper incisors are in close contact; a few other 
points are mentioned under the description of the characters of 
the Lemurs. There are altogether about 212 species of Monkeys 
and Apes. They are tropical and subtropical in range, and, with 
but few exceptions, are impatient of cold. 
The Monkeys are primarily divisible into two great divisions, 
which have been termed, on account of the characters of the nose, 
1 Phil. Trans. elxxxy. B, 1894, p. 15. 
* It seems to be possible that this great Lemur was extant so lately as 1658, 
when a creature possibly answering to it was described by de Flacourt. 
