XVII LONG-NOSED APES 569 
commit a sin vicariously. This Ape has immense powers of 
leaping—a space of 20 to 30 feet can be cleared by them if 
one side, that from which the leap is taken, be considerably higher 
than the other. They are useful to the Tiger hunter, as they 
follow and hoot at this, their deadly enemy. SS. schistaceus is a 
species which lives at great heights, not less than 5000 feet, in 
the Himalayas. 
The genus Nasalis is hardly separable from the genus 
Semnopithecus. It is a Bornean animal, and is distinguished by 
a comical long nose, which not only suggests, but goes beyond, the 
aquiline nose of the human species. It is no doubt on this 
account that the Borneans, unconsciously imitating our habit of 
comparing “natives” in general to Monkeys, call it by a name 
which signifies “white man.” Rhinopithecus has also a long, but 
a more definitely upturned nose. 
* Fossil Monkeys.—Several of the existing genera of Old-World 
Apes are also known to have existed in past times; in some cases 
their past distribution indicates a greater range. Thus dacacus 
is now represented—and that doubtfully—in Europe by the 
Barbary Ape alone. But from Montpellier have been unearthed 
the remains of J priscus, from Pliocene beds. The Asiatic 
Semnopithecus is known to have lived during the Pliocene period ; 
its remains are discovered in France and Italy, as well as in 
Asia. In addition to these existing forms, a number of totally 
extinct Old-World genera are known. The rich formation at 
Pikermi near Athens has produced Mesopithecus pentelici ; this 
Monkey has a skull which recalls that of Semnopithecus, while 
the stout limbs are rather Macaque-like. As is the case with 
many living Catarrhines, the males have stronger canines. The 
animal had a long tail. 
An analogous annectent character is shown by the Italian 
fossil, Oreopithecus bambolii. This animal was referred by one 
palaeontologist to the Man-like Apes, by another to the Cerco- 
pithecidae. It suggests a common ancestral form, and is Middle 
Miocene in horizon. 
Just as there are no Platyrrhine Apes in the Old World so 
there are no Catarrhines met with ina fossil condition in the New 
World; the two great divisions of the Apes were as distinct in 
the past, so far as we know, as they are now—a strong argument 
in favour of those who would derive them from two sources. The 
