XVII MENTAL CHARACTERS 575 
both animals the thumb is not of much use, and this digit is 
more retrograde in the Gorilla, not only in proportionate length 
but in its muscular supply. The hip girdle tells the same tale. 
It is broader in the Gorilla, and the glutaei muscles are more 
prominent, all these features being connected with the more 
erect gait. 
The brain of both animals have been studied, but not in the 
case of the Gorilla from a sufficiently large number of examples to 
make any generalisations of great value. On the whole, the 
Gorilla has the larger brain, but this must be discounted by the 
fact that it also has the larger body. It is a remarkable fact that 
the Gorilla’s liver is much more lke that of lower Apes than the 
liver of other Anthropoids. It has, as has the Chimpanzee, 
laryngeal sacs. The general conclusion concerning the relative 
position of the two African Anthropoids seems to be that the 
Gorilla is the more primitive ; and as thus it must approach more 
nearly to the original parent than does the Chimpanzee, it may be 
said that it also comes rather nearer to Man, since the Chimpanzee 
has travelled away from the common stock on another line. The 
detailed likenesses to Man, however, are not to be unduly dwelt 
upon; for they mainly come from a tendency to assume the 
plantigrade mode of progression. 
In mental characteristics there is the widest difference be- 
tween the two Apes that we are considering. The Chimpanzee 
is lively, and—at least when young—teachable and tameable. 
The Gorilla, on the other hand, is gloomy and ferocious, and 
quite untameable. When angry the Gorilla beats its breast, a 
statement that was originally made, we believe, by M. du Chaillu, 
but which has been disputed, though it appears to be perfectly 
true. A young Gorilla, exhibited some time since in the Gardens 
of the Zoological Society, could be observed to do so. The cry 
of the Chimpanzee is different from the “howl” of the Gorilla. 
An immense amount has been written upon the ways of this 
animal in its own home, including much that is legendary. The 
Gorilla has been said to lurk in the depths of the forest, and to 
stretch down a prehensile foot to grasp and strangle an un- 
fortunate black man passing below. It is said, too, to vanquish 
the Elephant by hitting it hard upon the trunk with a stout 
stick, and to crumple up the barrel of a rifle with its powerful 
teeth. 
