576 THE PONGO OF BATTEL CHAP. 
Apart from the doubtful “ Pongo” and “ Engeco” of Andrew 
Battel, our first intelligence concerning the Gorilla is due to Dr. 
Savage, after whom, indeed, the late Sir Richard Owen called the 
animal 7’roglodytes savage’, a name which has to be abandoned 
in favour of an earlier name. 
The Gorilla is limited in its distribution to the forest tract of 
the Gaboon. It goes about in families, with but one adult male, 
who later has to dispute his position as leader of the band with 
another male, whom he kills: or drives away, or by whom he is 
killed or driven away. The animal is said to make a nest in a 
tree like the Orang; but this statement has been questioned. 
It feeds upon the berries of various plants, and upon other 
vegetable substances; there is apparently not so marked an 
inclination for animal food as is exhibited by the Chimpanzee. 
In search of their food they wander through the forest, walking 
partly upon the bent hand, and progressing with a shuffling gait. 
It is noteworthy that the Gorilla has been said to walk upon the 
palm of the hand and not upon the back, as is the case with the 
Chimpanzee. . It can readily assume the upright pesture, and, 
in this case, balances itself largely with its arms. Professor 
Hartmann, however, states that the back of the hand is also used. 
Unlike most or many wild beasts, the Gorilla exhibits no desire 
to run away when he views a human enemy. Dr. Savage 
remarks that “ when the male is first seen, he gives a terrific yell, 
that resounds far and wide through the forest, something lke 
kh-ah! kh-ah! prolonged and shrill.” This is accompanied by 
offensive tactics, which the natives do not willingly encounter. 
When making an attack the Gorilla rises to his feet, and as a 
full-crown animal reaches a height of some five feet, he is a most 
formidable antagonist. The attack of one of these animals is said to 
be made with the hand, with which he strikes his adversary to the 
ground, and then uses the powerful canines. The beating of the 
breast which heralds an attack is a statement made by M. du 
Chaillu. It has been denied with a vigour and asperity quite 
incommensurate with the importance of the matter." 
The Chimpanzees, genus Anthropopithecus (or Troglodytes), are 
1 For accounts of the habits of the Gorilla, compiled from various sources, see 
Hartmann’s ‘‘ Anthropoid Apes,” Jnternational Scient. Ser. London, 1885; H. 
O. Forbes, ‘‘ Monkeys,” in Allen’s Naturalists’ Series, London, 1894 ; and Huxley, 
‘*Man’s Place in Nature,” vol. vii. of Collected Essays, London, 1894. 
