XVII HAND AND FOOT 587 
be insisted upon too strongly, as in some American Monkeys the 
face is as little projecting. Still we are now comparing Man with 
his undoubtedly nearest relatives the Simiidae. In the lower jaw 
the anterior line at the symphysis is an approximately straight 
one, that is at right angles to the long axis of the jaw, while Apes 
have a more retreating chin. The “beautiful sigmoid curve 
formed by the lumbar and dorsal vertebrae” is more pronounced 
Fic, 282.—Foot of Man, Gorilla, and Orang of the same absolute length, to show the 
difference in proportions. The line aa’ indicates the boundary between the tarsus 
and metatarsus ; 6’b’, that between the latter and the proximal phalanges; and c’c’ 
bounds the ends of the distal phalanges. as, Astragalus; ca, caleaneum; se, 
scaphoid. (After Huxley.) 
in Man, but exists not only in the Anthropoids, but in other 
Apes." 
The fore-limbs are relatively short, the extreme length of the 
arm being such that the outstretched hand does not reach the 
knee. The thumb is a large and useful digit in Man, much more 
so than in the Anthropoids. On the other hand the hallux is not 
opposable. This is, of course, correlated with the upright attitude, 
as 1s also the greater relative thickness of that digit, wpon which 
' Cunningham, ‘‘Cunningham Memoirs,” No. II. Royal Irish Acad. 1886. 
